Flurl使用Polly实现重试Policy
在使用Flurl作為HttpClient向Server請(qǐng)求時(shí),由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)或者其它一些原因?qū)е抡?qǐng)求會(huì)有失敗的情況,比如HttpStatusCode.NotFound、HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable、HttpStatusCode.RequestTimeout等;網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有比較多的HttpClientFactory使用Polly來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)重試的內(nèi)容,奈何已經(jīng)習(xí)慣使用Flurl的人,要全部換回到IHttpClient的確有不方便的地方,因?yàn)楸疚氖褂肍lurl的Polly來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)重試機(jī)制做一個(gè)整理;
不使用Polly來(lái)測(cè)試
提供一個(gè)接口以便做請(qǐng)求測(cè)試
[Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public?class?PollyController?:?ControllerBase {private?readonly?ILogger<PollyController>?_logger;public?PollyController(ILogger<PollyController>?logger){_logger?=?logger;}//?GET:?api/<PollyController>[HttpGet]public?IActionResult?Get(){var?random?=?new?Random().Next(0,?8);switch?(random){case?0:_logger.LogInformation("About?to?serve?a?404");return?StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound);case?1:_logger.LogInformation("About?to?serve?a?503");return?StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status503ServiceUnavailable);case?2:_logger.LogInformation("Sleeping?for?10?seconds?then?serving?a?504");Thread.Sleep(10000);_logger.LogInformation("About?to?serve?a?504");return?StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status504GatewayTimeout);default:_logger.LogInformation("About?to?correctly?serve?a?200?response");return?Ok(new?{time?=?DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime()});}} }創(chuàng)建一個(gè)請(qǐng)求客戶端
public?class?HomeController?:?Controller {private?readonly?ILogger<HomeController>?_logger;public?HomeController(ILogger<HomeController>?logger){_logger?=?logger;}public?async?Task<IActionResult>?Index(){try{var?time?=?await?"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/polly".GetJsonAsync();_logger.LogInformation($"App:?success?-?{time.time}");return?View(time.time);}catch?(Exception?e){_logger.LogWarning($"App:?failed?-?{e.Message}");throw;}} }嘗試請(qǐng)求,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多請(qǐng)求失敗的地方,這個(gè)情況很不理想,服務(wù)器有較大的機(jī)率不能正常的響應(yīng)
info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?serve?a?404 info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?correctly?serve?a?200?response info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?correctly?serve?a?200?response info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?correctly?serve?a?200?response info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?serve?a?503 info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?serve?a?503 info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?correctly?serve?a?200?response info:?SuppertRcsInterfaceTest.Controllers.PollyController[0]About?to?serve?a?404 ?針對(duì)這個(gè)情況有沒(méi)有什么解決的辦法呢,答案是肯定的,粗暴的想法就是失敗了再重新做請(qǐng)求,直接在Flurl的返回結(jié)果中做這個(gè)邏輯處理會(huì)比較麻煩也不方便統(tǒng)一的管理,如此就找到了Polly
使用Polly來(lái)測(cè)試
首先安裝Polly, Install-Package Polly
下面先給出Polly的簡(jiǎn)單介紹后接著給出Policy的代碼片段
?Polly的七種策略:重試、斷路、超時(shí)、隔離、回退和緩存策略,本文使用到了重試、超時(shí)策略
重試(Retry):出現(xiàn)故障自動(dòng)重試,這個(gè)是常見(jiàn)的場(chǎng)景
斷路(Circuit-breaker):當(dāng)系統(tǒng)遇到嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題時(shí),快速回饋失敗比讓用戶/調(diào)用者等待要好,限制系統(tǒng)出錯(cuò)的消耗,有助于系統(tǒng)恢復(fù),比如,當(dāng)我們?nèi)フ{(diào)用一個(gè)第三方的API,有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間API都沒(méi)有響應(yīng),可能對(duì)方服務(wù)器癱瘓了,如果我們的系統(tǒng)還不停地重試,不僅會(huì)加重系統(tǒng)的負(fù)擔(dān),還有可能導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)其它任務(wù)受影響,因此,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)出錯(cuò)的次數(shù)超過(guò)了指定的閾值,就得中斷當(dāng)前線程,等待一段時(shí)間后再繼續(xù);比如: Policy.Handle<SomeException>().CircuitBreaker(2, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));表示當(dāng)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)兩次某個(gè)異常時(shí)就停下來(lái),等待1分鐘后再繼續(xù),還可以在斷路時(shí)定義中斷的回調(diào)和重啟的回調(diào)。
超時(shí)(Timeout):當(dāng)系統(tǒng)超過(guò)一定時(shí)間的等待,就可以判斷不可能會(huì)有成功的結(jié)果;比如平時(shí)一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求瞬間就完成了,如果有一次網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求超過(guò)了30秒還沒(méi)有完成,我們就可以判定不可能會(huì)返回成功的結(jié)果了,因此,我們需要設(shè)置系統(tǒng)的超時(shí)時(shí)間,避免系統(tǒng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)謂的等待;比如:Policy.Timeout(30, (context, span, task) => {// do something});表示設(shè)置了超時(shí)時(shí)間不能超過(guò)30秒,否則就認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)果,并執(zhí)行回調(diào)。
隔離(Bulkhead Isolation):當(dāng)系統(tǒng)的一處出現(xiàn)故障時(shí),可能觸發(fā)多個(gè)失敗的調(diào)用,對(duì)資源有較大的消耗,下游系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障可能導(dǎo)致上游的故障的調(diào)用,甚至可能蔓延到導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)崩潰,所以要將可控的操作限制在一個(gè)固定大小的資源池中,以隔離有潛在可能相互影響的操作;比如:Policy.Bulkhead(12, context => {// do something});表示最多允許12個(gè)線程并發(fā)執(zhí)行,如果執(zhí)行被拒絕,則執(zhí)行回調(diào)。
回退(Fallback):有些錯(cuò)誤無(wú)法避免,就要有備用的方案,當(dāng)無(wú)法避免的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生時(shí),我們要有一個(gè)合理的返回來(lái)代替失敗;比如:Policy.Handle<Whatever>().Fallback<UserAvatar>(() => UserAvatar.GetRandomAvatar());表示當(dāng)用戶沒(méi)有上傳頭像時(shí),我們就給他一個(gè)默認(rèn)頭像。
緩存(Cache):一般我們會(huì)把頻繁使用且不會(huì)怎么變化的資源緩存起來(lái),以提高系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度,如果不對(duì)緩存資源的調(diào)用進(jìn)行封裝,那么我們調(diào)用的時(shí)候就要先判斷緩存中有沒(méi)有這個(gè)資源,有的話就從緩存返回,否則就從資源存儲(chǔ)的地方獲取后緩存起來(lái)再返回,而且有時(shí)還要考慮緩存過(guò)期和如何更新緩存的問(wèn)題;Polly提供了緩存策略的支持,使得問(wèn)題變得簡(jiǎn)單。
策略包(Policy Wrap):一種操作會(huì)有多種不同的故障,而不同的故障處理需要不同的策略,這些不同的策略必須包在一起,作為一個(gè)策略包,才能應(yīng)用在同一種操作上,這就是Polly的彈性特性,即各種不同的策略能夠靈活地組合起來(lái)
更多...
using?System; using?System.Linq; using?System.Net; using?System.Net.Http; using?System.Threading; using?System.Threading.Tasks; using?Flurl.Http.Configuration; using?Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using?Polly; using?Polly.Retry; using?Polly.Timeout; using?Polly.Wrap;namespace?WithPollyClient.Services {public?class?Policies{private?readonly?ILogger<Policies>?_logger;public?Policies(ILogger<Policies>?logger){_logger?=?logger;}private?AsyncTimeoutPolicy<HttpResponseMessage>?TimeoutPolicy{get{return?Policy.TimeoutAsync<HttpResponseMessage>(3,?(context,?span,?task)?=>{_logger.LogInformation($"Policy:?Timeout?delegate?fired?after?{span.Seconds}?seconds");return?Task.CompletedTask;});}}private?AsyncRetryPolicy<HttpResponseMessage>?RetryPolicy{get{HttpStatusCode[]?retryStatus?={HttpStatusCode.NotFound,HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable,HttpStatusCode.RequestTimeout};return?Policy.HandleResult<HttpResponseMessage>(r?=>?retryStatus.Contains(r.StatusCode)).Or<TimeoutRejectedException>().WaitAndRetryAsync(new[]{//?表示重試3次,第一次1秒后重試,第二次2秒后重試,第三次4秒后重試TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4)},?(result,?span,?count,?context)?=>{_logger.LogInformation($"Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?{count}");});}}public?AsyncPolicyWrap<HttpResponseMessage>?PolicyStrategy?=>Policy.WrapAsync(RetryPolicy,?TimeoutPolicy);}public?class?PolicyHandler?:?DelegatingHandler{private?readonly?Policies?_policies;public?PolicyHandler(Policies?policies){_policies?=?policies;}protected?override?Task<HttpResponseMessage>?SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage?request,?CancellationToken?cancellationToken){return?_policies.PolicyStrategy.ExecuteAsync(ct?=>?base.SendAsync(request,?ct),?cancellationToken);}}public?class?PollyHttpClientFactory?:?DefaultHttpClientFactory{private?readonly?Policies?_policies;public?PollyHttpClientFactory(Policies?policies){_policies?=?policies;}public?override?HttpMessageHandler?CreateMessageHandler(){return?new?PolicyHandler(_policies){InnerHandler?=?base.CreateMessageHandler()};}} }接下來(lái)在Starup中對(duì)Flurl進(jìn)行配置
public?void?ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection?services) {services.AddControllersWithViews();services.AddSingleton<Policies>(); }//?This?method?gets?called?by?the?runtime.?Use?this?method?to?configure?the?HTTP?request?pipeline. public?void?Configure(IApplicationBuilder?app,?IWebHostEnvironment?env) {var?policies?=?app.ApplicationServices.GetService<Policies>();FlurlHttp.Configure(setting?=>setting.HttpClientFactory?=?new?PollyHttpClientFactory(policies));......再次嘗試請(qǐng)求,可以看到結(jié)果非常之理想
WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?1 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:14 WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?1 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:17 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:22 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:23 WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?1 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:25 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:31 WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?1 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:34 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:39 WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?1 WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Timeout?delegate?fired?after?3?seconds WithPollyClient.Services.Policies:?Information:?Policy:?Retry?delegate?fired,?attempt?2 WithPollyClient.Controllers.HomeController:?Information:?App:?success?-?2021/3/14?16:50:46富客戶端中使用的情況
?有時(shí)候呢,例如在WPF或者是其它的富客戶端上面也會(huì)經(jīng)常使用到Flurl的情況,如下
var?time?=?await?Policy.Handle<FlurlHttpException>().OrResult<IFlurlResponse>(r?=>?!r.ResponseMessage.IsSuccessStatusCode).WaitAndRetryAsync(new[]{TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4)},?(result,?span,?count,?context)?=>{_logger.LogInformation(count.ToString());}).ExecuteAsync(()?=>?"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/polly".WithTimeout(3).GetAsync()).ReceiveJson();_logger.LogInformation($"App:?success?-?{time.time}"); return?View(time.time);?
時(shí)間如流水,只能流去不流回。
公眾號(hào):Dotnet9
號(hào)主微信號(hào):dotnet9
作者:非法關(guān)鍵字
原文:Flurl使用Polly添加重試機(jī)制
編輯:沙漠之盡頭的狼
日期:2021-03-15
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