今天給大家分享.NET中的GraphQL，半個小時，沒有把所有的代碼敲出來，高估了自己的寫碼速度，所以通過這個文章分享出來。

1、核心PPT

2、主要代碼

using Conf2021GraphQL; using Conf2021GraphQL.Models; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using System.Security.Cryptography;var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args); builder.Services.AddControllers(); builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer(); builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(); builder.Services.AddDbContext<ExamContext>(options =>options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("ExamDatabase")));builder.Services.AddGraphQLServer().AddQueryType<Query>().AddTypeExtension<ExtendExamPaper>().AddInterfaceType<IDescribe>().AddType<SubjectTypeDescribe>().AddType<QuestionTypeDescribe>().AddMutationType<UserMutation>().AddProjections().AddFiltering().AddSorting();var app = builder.Build(); if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment()) {app.UseSwagger();app.UseSwaggerUI(); } app.UseAuthorization(); app.MapControllers();app.MapGraphQL();app.Run();public class Query {[Serial][UseProjection][UseFiltering][UseSorting]public IQueryable<ExamPaper> GetExamPapers([Service] ExamContext context) => context.ExamPapers;[Serial][UseProjection][UseFiltering][UseSorting]public IQueryable<User> GetUsers([Service] ExamContext context) => context.Users;[UseProjection][UseFiltering][UseSorting]public IQueryable<IDescribe> GetDescribes(){return new List<IDescribe>{new SubjectTypeDescribe{Describe ="問題科目類型"},new QuestionTypeDescribe{Describe ="試題類型 "},}.AsQueryable();} }[ExtendObjectType(typeof(ExamPaper))] public class ExtendExamPaper {public int Count([Parent] ExamPaper paper) => paper.Questions.Count; }public interface IDescribe {string? Describe { get; set; } } public class SubjectTypeDescribe : IDescribe {public string? Describe { get; set; } } public class QuestionTypeDescribe : IDescribe {public string? Describe { get; set; }public string[] Types { get; set; } = new string[] { "單選題", "多選題", "判斷題" }; }public class UserMutation {public async Task<User> AddUser(User user, [Service] ExamContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken){var password = GetRandomString(8);user.Password = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(SHA256.HashData(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(password + user.Salt)));await context.Users.AddAsync(user);await context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);user.Password = password;return user;}string GetRandomString(int length){string result = "";for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){char c = (char)new Random(Guid.NewGuid().GetHashCode()).Next(48, 123);result += c;}return result;} }

3、GraphQL查詢

查詢，過濾，排序，擴展

繼承

mutation

mutation結果查詢

4、githtub庫：

https://github.com/axzxs2001/Conf2021GraphQL

5、數據庫結構

USE [Exam] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[Answers] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Answers]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[Sequre] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL,[Answer] [nvarchar](200) NOT NULL,[IsTrue] [bit] NOT NULL,[QuestionID] [int] NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_Answers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[ExamPaperQuestions] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ExamPaperQuestions]([ExamPaperID] [int] NOT NULL,[QuestionID] [int] NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_ExamPaperQuestions_1] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ExamPaperID] ASC,[QuestionID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[ExamPapers] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ExamPapers]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[Title] [nvarchar](200) NOT NULL,[Memo] [nvarchar](1000) NULL,[CreateTime] [datetime2](7) NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_ExamPapers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[Questions] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Questions]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[Question] [nvarchar](300) NOT NULL,[Score] [float] NOT NULL,[QuestionTypeID] [int] NOT NULL,[SujectTypeID] [int] NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_Questions] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[QuestionTypes] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[QuestionTypes]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[TypeName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_QuestionTypes] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[SubjectTypes] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SubjectTypes]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[TypeName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_SubjectTypes] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[UserExamAnswers] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UserExamAnswers]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[UserExamID] [int] NOT NULL,[AnswerID] [int] NOT NULL,[CreateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_UserExamAnswers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[UserExams] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UserExams]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[UserID] [int] NOT NULL,[ExamPapgerID] [int] NOT NULL,[BeginTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,[EndTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_UserExams] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[Users] Script Date: 2021/12/18 23:36:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Users]([ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,[UserName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,[Password] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,[Salt] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,[Name] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,[Tel] [varchar](11) NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_Users] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ExamPapers] ADD DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [CreateTime] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExamAnswers] ADD DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [CreateTime] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Answers] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Answers_Questions] FOREIGN KEY([QuestionID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Questions] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Answers] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Answers_Questions] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ExamPaperQuestions] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_ExamPaperQuestions_ExamPapers] FOREIGN KEY([ExamPaperID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[ExamPapers] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ExamPaperQuestions] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_ExamPaperQuestions_ExamPapers] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ExamPaperQuestions] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_ExamPaperQuestions_Questions] FOREIGN KEY([QuestionID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Questions] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ExamPaperQuestions] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_ExamPaperQuestions_Questions] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Questions] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Questions_QuestionTypes] FOREIGN KEY([QuestionTypeID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[QuestionTypes] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Questions] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Questions_QuestionTypes] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Questions] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Questions_SubjectTypes] FOREIGN KEY([SujectTypeID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[SubjectTypes] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Questions] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Questions_SubjectTypes] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExamAnswers] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExamAnswers_Answers] FOREIGN KEY([AnswerID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Answers] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExamAnswers] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExamAnswers_Answers] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExamAnswers] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExamAnswers_UserExams] FOREIGN KEY([UserExamID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[UserExams] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExamAnswers] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExamAnswers_UserExams] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExams] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExams_ExamPapers] FOREIGN KEY([ExamPapgerID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[ExamPapers] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExams] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExams_ExamPapers] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExams] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExams_Users] FOREIGN KEY([UserID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Users] ([ID]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserExams] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_UserExams_Users] GO

總結

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