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阿里云ECS，搭建MySQL5.7数据库环境

發(fā)布時間：2023/12/6 数据库 37 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了阿里云ECS，搭建MySQL5.7数据库环境小編覺得挺不錯的,現(xiàn)在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

為什么80%的碼農都做不了架構師？>>> ??

配置mysql yum源?

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ ~]# cd /data/ [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# ll total 0###################################下載mysql源安裝包# [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# wget -P ./ http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm --2017-11-02 13:04:56-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [following] --2017-11-02 13:04:57-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [following] --2017-11-02 13:04:59-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 118.215.180.109 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|118.215.180.109|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 9116 (8.9K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘./mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm’100%[===================================================================================================>] 9,116 --.-K/s in 0s 2017-11-02 13:04:59 (145 MB/s) - ‘./mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm’ saved [9116/9116][root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9116 Apr 11 2016 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm####################################安裝mysql源# [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8 will be installed --> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================= Installing:mysql57-community-release noarch el7-8 /mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 8.2 kTransaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================= Install 1 PackageTotal size: 8.2 k Installed size: 8.2 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transactionInstalling : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch 1/1 Installed:mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-8 Complete!####################################檢查mysql源是否安裝成功# [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*" mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 42 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 51 mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 227 ###########看到上面內容，表示安裝成功。#################################### # mysql源配置文件：/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo # 比如要安裝5.6版本，可將5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。并將5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。 #################################### [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo [mysql-connectors-community] name=MySQL Connectors Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql[mysql-tools-community] name=MySQL Tools Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql# Enable to use MySQL 5.5 [mysql55-community] name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql# Enable to use MySQL 5.6 [mysql56-community] name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql[mysql57-community] name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql[mysql-tools-preview] name=MySQL Tools Preview baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]#

安裝mysql：

#################################### 安裝MySQL # [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# yum install mysql-community-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.20-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================= Installing:mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.1 Mreplacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.0 Mreplacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 164 M Installing for dependencies:libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 kmysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 Mmysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 272 kTransaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================= Install 3 Packages (+3 Dependent packages)Total download size: 192 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/6): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (2/6): mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 272 kB 00:00:00 (3/6): mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00:00 (4/6): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:00 (5/6): mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:00:08 (6/6): mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 164 MB 00:01:10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.6 MB/s | 192 MB 00:01:13 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch (installed)From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Is this ok [y/N]: y Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transactionInstalling : mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/7 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/7 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 3/7 Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 4/7 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 5/7 Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 6/7 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 7/7 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/7 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/7 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 3/7 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 4/7 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 5/7 Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 6/7 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 7/7 Installed:mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7Dependency Installed:libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 Replaced:mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Complete!

啟動mysql服務

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl start mysqld [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-11-02 13:23:48 CST; 18s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 23892 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 23818 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 23895 (mysqld)CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─23895 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidNov 02 13:23:42 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Nov 02 13:23:48 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

開機啟動

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl enable mysqld [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl daemon-reload

停止mysql服務

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2017-11-02 13:31:35 CST; 5s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlMain PID: 23895 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Nov 02 13:23:42 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Nov 02 13:23:48 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. Nov 02 13:31:33 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server... Nov 02 13:31:35 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server. [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]#

更改數(shù)據(jù)文件位置：

將/var/lib下的mysql目錄，mv（移動）到/data目錄下：

為什么要用mv命令，而不用cp命令呢？應為linux文件系統(tǒng)特殊性，mv命令能保留文件的所有屬性和權限，尤其是selinux屬性。如果用cp命令，就需要回頭再去設置mysql文件夾的selinux屬性，本人因很頭疼selinux故能避則避。

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# mv /var/lib/mysql /data/mysql [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# ll total 12 drwxr-x--x 5 mysql mysql 314 Nov 2 13:31 mysql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9116 Apr 11 2016 mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]#

修改mysql配置文件/etc/my.cnf。將datadir和socket的路徑改為/data目錄下：

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# cat /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html[mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# vi /etc/my.cnf [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# cat /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html[mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/data/mysql socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld_safe] socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock [client] socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql.server] socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]#

然后重新啟動mysql服務?：

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-11-02 13:40:54 CST; 5s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 24037 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 24019 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 24040 (mysqld)CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─24040 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidNov 02 13:40:53 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Nov 02 13:40:54 iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]#

修改root本地登錄密碼

mysql安裝完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中給root生成了一個默認密碼。通過下面的方式找到root默認密碼，然后登錄mysql進行修改：

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2017-11-02T05:23:44.524190Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: MyOldPass123! [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# [root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass123!';

或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass123!');

注意：
mysql5.7默認安裝了密碼安全檢查插件（validate_password），默認密碼檢查策略要求密碼必須包含：大小寫字母、數(shù)字和特殊符號，并且長度不能少于8位，否則會提示：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'gq123!mysql'; ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

?通過msyql環(huán)境變量可以查看密碼策略的相關信息：

validate_password_policy：密碼策略，默認為MEDIUM策略?
validate_password_dictionary_file：密碼策略文件，策略為STRONG才需要?
validate_password_length：密碼最少長度?
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小寫字符長度，至少1個?
validate_password_number_count ：數(shù)字至少1個?
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1個?
上述參數(shù)是默認策略MEDIUM的密碼檢查規(guī)則。

共有以下幾種密碼策略：

策略檢查規(guī)則

0 or LOW	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官網(wǎng)密碼策略詳細說明：
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密碼策略

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密碼策略

# 選擇0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一種，選擇2需要提供密碼字典文件 validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密碼策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：

validate_password = off

重新啟動mysql服務使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

添加遠程登錄用戶

默認只允許root帳戶在本地登錄，如果要在其它機器上連接mysql，必須修改root允許遠程連接，或者添加一個允許遠程連接的帳戶，為了安全起見，我添加一個新的帳戶：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yuanchengyonghu'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

配置默認編碼為utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加編碼配置，如下所示：

#在[mysqld]下添加如下內容# character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

設置mysql大小不敏感

lower_case_table_names=1

設置最大連接數(shù)及超時時間

max_connections=1000 #max_user_connections=500 wait_timeout=2880

重新啟動mysql服務，查看數(shù)據(jù)庫默認編碼如下：

[root@iZbp1j6oiamq7t2otpryarZ data]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>

默認配置文件路徑：?

配置文件：/etc/my.cnf?
日志文件：/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log?
服務啟動腳本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service?
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

?

轉載于:https://my.oschina.net/90888/blog/1559799

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