語法考點分析---被動語態

• • 一、被動語態的句型
  • 二、主動表示被動的幾種情況
  • 三、容易誤用被動語態的幾種情況：
  • 被動語態考點分析

一、被動語態的句型

1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用這種結構不能帶有“by＋施動者”
3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變為動句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.被動：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.

二、主動表示被動的幾種情況

1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質和狀態。常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動詞look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。

三、容易誤用被動語態的幾種情況：

1.I teach myself French.不可變為Myself is taught French.因為反身代詞不可作主語。
2.We help each other/one another.不可變為Each other/One another is helped by us.因為相互代詞不可作主語。
3.He lost heart.不可變為Heart was lost by him.因為象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變為The sports meet was taken part in by her.因為象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態動詞沒有被動語態。

被動語態考點分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現在時表將來，所以此題答案為D。
2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft.
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規特性，要用一般現在時，不能用過去時，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態，語態等變化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.
A.have been taken place…have been set up
B.have taken place…have been set up
C.have taken place…have set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（發生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應該用被動式，故排除C，答案為B。
4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：首先可排除B。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因D項少引導詞who，也應排除。A項＝who were invited,C項＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應排除。因而可定答案為A。
5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根據“某人/某物據說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據說他是一個聰明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.
A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態，故可排除A、B。因C項中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。
7.I promise that the matter will______.
A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…have to
C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…have to
析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現在時，主句應為一般將來時，故答案為A。

9.The Olympic Games,in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。
10.This sentence needs__.
A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)
11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.haven’t been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應該是過去時態與之相配合，故此題答案是C。
12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given
析：根據問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結果，故要用現在完成時。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發問，答話人就應答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應為C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據說…”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。

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