語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)分析---被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

• • 一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型
  • 二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況
  • 三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：
  • 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型

1.常見(jiàn)句式是：主語(yǔ)（受動(dòng)者）＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋（by＋施動(dòng)者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主語(yǔ)＋get＋過(guò)去分詞＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動(dòng)者”
3.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語(yǔ)可以是直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以是間接賓語(yǔ)。例如：She lent me a bike.被動(dòng)：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語(yǔ)＋被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)＋不定式的被動(dòng)式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.

二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況

1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書(shū)好賣(mài)。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長(zhǎng)久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式＋形容詞。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒(méi)有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。

三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：

1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語(yǔ)。
2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語(yǔ)。
3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類(lèi)動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語(yǔ)只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門(mén)he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物動(dòng)詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動(dòng)意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，所以此題答案為D。
2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft.
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：觀察題干，空白線后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“（某物）摸起來(lái)…”意思,是連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對(duì)話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺(jué)”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)等變化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.
A.have been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
B.have taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
C.have taken place…h(huán)ave set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。
4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：首先可排除B。因?yàn)樗槐硎尽氨谎?qǐng)”。又因D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項(xiàng)＝who were invited,C項(xiàng)＝who were being invited,由象invite這類(lèi)短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作后置定語(yǔ)，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。
5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說(shuō)…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說(shuō)他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.
A.has broken into…h(huán)as been stolen B.has broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項(xiàng)中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。
7.I promise that the matter will______.
A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短語(yǔ)，若無(wú)of則不可帶賓語(yǔ)，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…h(huán)ave to
C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…h(huán)ave to
析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動(dòng)式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句應(yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故答案為A。

9.The Olympic Games,in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表達(dá)“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。
10.This sentence needs__.
A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開(kāi)頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門(mén)需要漆一下。)
11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.haven’t been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過(guò)去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。
12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given
析：根據(jù)問(wèn)句與答句，問(wèn)話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒(méi)給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問(wèn)，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說(shuō)…”之意)。前一種說(shuō)法中It 是形式主語(yǔ)，后一種說(shuō)法中it是形式賓語(yǔ)。故此題答案為B。

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