雙千兆和全千兆有什么區(qū)別？

You’ve no doubt heard the terms gigabytes, terabytes, or petabytes thrown around before, but what exactly do they mean in terms of real-world storage? Let’s take a closer look at storage sizes.

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，您之前聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)術(shù)語(yǔ)GB，TB或PB，但是對(duì)于實(shí)際存儲(chǔ)而言，它們到底是什么意思？ 讓我們仔細(xì)看看存儲(chǔ)大小。

Words like byte, megabyte, gigabyte, and petabyte all refer to amounts of digital storage. And they sometimes get confused with terms like megabit and gigabit. It’s useful to know exactly what these terms mean (and how they relate to one another) when comparing storage sizes on hard drives, tablets, and flash storage devices. It’s also useful when comparing data transfer rates if you’re shopping for internet service or networking gear.

字節(jié)，兆字節(jié)，千兆字節(jié)和PB等字眼都是指數(shù)字存儲(chǔ)量。 有時(shí)它們會(huì)與兆位和千兆位之類的術(shù)語(yǔ)混淆。 比較硬盤，平板電腦和閃存設(shè)備上的存儲(chǔ)大小時(shí)，準(zhǔn)確了解這些術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義(以及它們之間的關(guān)系)很有用。 如果您要購(gòu)買互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備，則在比較數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率時(shí)也很有用。

位，字節(jié)和千字節(jié) (Bits, Bytes, and Kilobytes)

First, let’s take a look at the basics of digital storage with some of the lower level capacities.

首先，讓我們看一下一些低端容量的數(shù)字存儲(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。

The smallest unit of storage is called a bit (b). It’s only capable of storing a single binary digit—either a 1 or 0. When we refer to a bit, especially as part of a larger word, we often use a lower-case “b” in its place. For example, a kilobit is one thousand bits, and a megabit is one thousand kilobits. When we shorten something like 45 megabits, we’d use 45 Mb.

最小的存儲(chǔ)單位稱為位(b)。 它只能存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)二進(jìn)制數(shù)字，即1或0。當(dāng)我們指的是位時(shí)，尤其是作為較大單詞的一部分時(shí)，我們通常在其位置使用小寫的“ b”。 例如，一千比特為一千比特，而一兆比特為一千千比特。 當(dāng)我們縮短45兆位時(shí)，我們將使用45 Mb。

One step up from a bit is a byte (B). A byte is eight bits, and is about what you need to store a single character of text. We use a capital “B” as a shortened form of byte. For example, it takes around 10 B to store an average word.

從一個(gè)字節(jié)開(kāi)始向上移一個(gè)字節(jié)(B)。 字節(jié)為八位，與存儲(chǔ)單個(gè)字符文本有關(guān)。 我們使用大寫字母“ B”作為字節(jié)的縮短形式。 例如，存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)平均單詞大約需要10B。

The next step up from a byte is a kilobyte (KB), which is equivalent to 1,024 bytes of data (or 8,192 bits). We shorten kilobytes to KB, so, for example, it takes around 10 KB to store a single page of plain text.

從一個(gè)字節(jié)開(kāi)始的下一個(gè)步驟是千字節(jié)(KB)，它等于1,024字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)(或8,192位)。 我們將千字節(jié)縮短為KB，因此，例如，存儲(chǔ)一頁(yè)純文本大約需要10 KB。

And with those smaller measurements out of the way, we can now take a look at the terms you’re more likely to hear when shopping for your gadgets.

有了這些較小的尺寸，我們現(xiàn)在可以看看在購(gòu)買小配件時(shí)您更可能聽(tīng)到的術(shù)語(yǔ)。

兆字節(jié)(MB) (Megabytes (MB))

There are 1,024 KB in one megabyte (MB). Through around the late 90’s, regular consumer products like hard drives were measured in MBs. Here are few examples of how much you can store in the MB range:

一兆字節(jié)(MB)中有1,024 KB。 在整個(gè)90年代后期，諸如硬盤之類的常規(guī)消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品都以MB為單位進(jìn)行度量。 以下是在MB范圍內(nèi)可以存儲(chǔ)多少存儲(chǔ)空間的一些示例：

• 1 MB = A 400 page book
  1 MB = 400頁(yè)的書(shū)
• 5 MB = A average 4 minute mp3 song
  5 MB =平均4分鐘的mp3歌曲
• 650 MB = 1 CD-ROM with 70 minutes of audio
  650 MB = 1個(gè)CD-ROM，帶有70分鐘的音頻

You’ll see the number 1,024 a lot in the next few sections. Typically, after the kilobyte stage, each successive storage measurement is 1,024 of whatever the next lower measurement is. 1,024 bytes is one kilobyte; 1,024 kilobytes is one megabyte; and so on.

在接下來(lái)的幾節(jié)中，您將大量看到1,024。 通常，在千字節(jié)級(jí)之后，每次連續(xù)的存儲(chǔ)度量是下一個(gè)較低度量的1024。 1,024字節(jié)是1千字節(jié)； 1,024千字節(jié)等于1兆字節(jié)； 等等。

千兆字節(jié)(GB) (Gigabytes (GB))

So, it should come as no surprise that there are 1,024 MB in one gigabyte (GB). GBs are still very common when referring to consumer levels of storage. Though most regular hard drives are measured in the terabytes these days, things like USB drives and many solid state drives are still measured in the gigabytes.

因此，一千兆字節(jié)(GB)中有1,024 MB并不奇怪。 當(dāng)提到用戶的存儲(chǔ)級(jí)別時(shí)，GB仍然很常見(jiàn)。 盡管如今大多數(shù)常規(guī)硬盤的測(cè)量單位是TB，但USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器和許多固態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)器之類的東西仍以GB為單位。

A few real-world examples:

一些真實(shí)的例子：

• 1 GB = around 10 yards of books on a shelf
  1 GB =架子上約10碼的書(shū)本
• 4.7 GB = Capacity of one DVD-ROM disc
  4.7 GB =一張DVD-ROM光盤的容量
• 7 GB = How much data you’re using per hour when streaming Netflix Ultra HD video
  7 GB =傳輸Netflix Ultra HD視頻時(shí)每小時(shí)使用多少數(shù)據(jù)

太字節(jié)(TB) (Terabytes (TB))

There are 1,024 GB in one terabyte (TB). Right now, TB are the most common unit of measurement when talking about regular hard drive sizes.

一兆字節(jié)(TB)中有1,024 GB。 目前，在談?wù)摮Ｒ?guī)硬盤大小時(shí)，TB是最常見(jiàn)的度量單位。

Some real-world examples:

一些實(shí)際示例：

• 1 TB = 200,000 5-minute songs; 310,000 pictures; or 500 hours worth of movies
  1 TB = 200,000首5分鐘歌曲； 310,000張圖片; 或價(jià)值500個(gè)小時(shí)的電影
• 10 TB = Amount of data produced by the Hubble Space Telescope per year
  10 TB =哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡每年產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)量
• 24 TB = Amount of video data uploaded to YouTube per day in 2016
  24 TB = 2016年每天上傳到Y(jié)ouTube的視頻數(shù)據(jù)量

PB(PB) (Petabytes (PB))

There are 1,024 TB (or around one million GB) in one petabyte (PB). If trends continue, petabytes are likely to replace terabytes as the standard measurement for consumer-level storage sometime in the future.

1 PB(PB)中有1,024 TB(約一百萬(wàn)GB)。 如果趨勢(shì)持續(xù)下去，在未來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候，PB級(jí)可能會(huì)取代TB級(jí)，成為消費(fèi)者級(jí)存儲(chǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Real-world examples:

實(shí)際示例：

• 1 PB = 500 billion pages of standard typed text (or 745 million floppy disks)
  1 PB = 5000億頁(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類型的文本(或7.45億張軟盤)
• 1.5 PB = 10 billion photos on Facebook
  1.5 PB = Facebook上有100億張照片
• 20 PB = The amount of data processed by Google daily in 2008
  20 PB = 2008年Google每天處理的數(shù)據(jù)量

EB(EB) (Exabytes (EB))

There are 1,024 PB in one exabytes (EB). Tech giants like Amazon, Google, and Facebook (who process unthinkable amounts of data) are typically the only ones worried about this kind of storage space right now. At the consumer level, some (but not all) file systems used by operating systems today have their theoretical limit somewhere in the exabytes

一艾字節(jié)(EB)中有1,024 PB。 諸如亞馬遜，谷歌和臉譜網(wǎng)(處理不可思議的數(shù)據(jù)量)之類的科技巨頭通常是目前唯一擔(dān)心這種存儲(chǔ)空間的公司。 在使用者級(jí)別，當(dāng)今操作系統(tǒng)使用的某些(但不是全部) 文件系統(tǒng)的理論極限值在EB級(jí)

Real-world examples:

實(shí)際示例：

• 1 EB = 11 million 4K videos
  1 EB = 1100萬(wàn)個(gè)4K視頻
• 5 EB = All the words ever spoken by humankind
  5 EB =人類曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的所有話
• 15 EB = Total estimated data held by Google
  15 EB = Google持有的估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)總數(shù)

This list could go on, of course. The next three capacities on the list (for those of you that are curious) are zettabyte, yottabyte, and brontobyte. But honestly, past exabytes, you start getting into astronomical storage capacities that just don’t have much real-world applicability right now.

當(dāng)然，這個(gè)清單可以繼續(xù)下去。 列表中的下三個(gè)容量(對(duì)于好奇的您來(lái)說(shuō))是zettabyte，yottabyte和brontobyte。 但老實(shí)說(shuō)，過(guò)去的EB容量使您開(kāi)始擁有天文般的存儲(chǔ)能力，而現(xiàn)在這些存儲(chǔ)能力在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的適用性還不高。

_{Photo credit: sacura/Shutterstock}

_{照片來(lái)源： sacura / Shutterstock}

翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/353116/how-big-are-gigabytes-terabytes-and-petabytes/

雙千兆和全千兆有什么區(qū)別？

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