Linux has come a long way, but you may still need to run Windows applications occasionally – especially Windows-only PC games. Luckily, there are quite a few ways to run Windows applications on Linux.

Linux已經(jīng)走了很長(zhǎng)一段路，但是您可能仍然偶爾需要運(yùn)行Windows應(yīng)用程序-特別是僅Windows的PC游戲。 幸運(yùn)的是，有很多方法可以在Linux上運(yùn)行Windows應(yīng)用程序。

Of course, before you try to run an old Windows program, you should look or alternatives that run natively on Linux. You’ll have a better experience if you can find a decent alternative that runs without any fiddling.

當(dāng)然，在嘗試運(yùn)行舊的Windows程序之前，應(yīng)先看一下本機(jī)或在Linux上本地運(yùn)行的替代程序。 如果您可以找到運(yùn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有任何麻煩的不錯(cuò)的替代產(chǎn)品，則將有更好的體驗(yàn)。

使用酒 (Use Wine)

Wine is a compatibility layer that allows Windows applications to run on Linux. It’s basically an implementation of the Windows API on Linux. Of course, Microsoft doesn’t publish all the information we need to re-implement the Windows API from scratch, so Wine has to be reverse-engineered. While it works amazingly well given how little Microsoft has given us to worth with, it’s nowhere near perfect.

Wine是一個(gè)兼容性層，它允許Windows應(yīng)用程序在Linux上運(yùn)行。 它基本上是Windows API在Linux上的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 當(dāng)然，Microsoft不會(huì)發(fā)布從頭開(kāi)始重新實(shí)現(xiàn)Windows API所需的所有信息，因此必須對(duì)Wine進(jìn)行逆向工程。 盡管微軟提供給我們的東西很少，但它的工作效果卻非常出色，但還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完美。

To run an application in Wine, you can install Wine and use it to launch an installer’s .exe file. Before you do, you should take a look at the Wine Application Database website, which will tell you how well an application runs in Wine. Wine is frequently used for games, as games are the one type of software that can’t run in a virtual machine. While Wine can be used to run desktop applications like Photoshop and Microsoft Word, these will run flawlessly in a virtual machine (see below).

要在Wine中運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序，您可以安裝Wine并使用它啟動(dòng)安裝程序的.exe文件。 在執(zhí)行此操作之前，您應(yīng)該先查看Wine應(yīng)用程序數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站將告訴您應(yīng)用程序在Wine中的運(yùn)行情況。 Wine通常用于游戲，因?yàn)橛螒蚴菬o(wú)法在虛擬機(jī)中運(yùn)行的一種軟件。 盡管Wine可用于運(yùn)行Photoshop和Microsoft Word等桌面應(yīng)用程序，但它們將在虛擬機(jī)中完美運(yùn)行(請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)下文)。

You can also try using an application like PlayOnLinux, which helps automate the process of installing supported games and other software in Wine.

您還可以嘗試使用PlayOnLinux之類(lèi)的應(yīng)用程序，該應(yīng)用程序可以自動(dòng)執(zhí)行Wine中支持的游戲和其他軟件的安裝過(guò)程。

The Netflix Desktop app uses a patched version of Wine to run Netflix on Linux – Silverlight doesn’t work properly with the current version of Wine.

Netflix桌面應(yīng)用程序使用修補(bǔ)程序的Wine來(lái)在Linux上運(yùn)行Netflix – Silverlight無(wú)法在當(dāng)前版本的Wine上正常工作。

在虛擬機(jī)中運(yùn)行Windows (Run Windows in a Virtual Machine)

While Wine may have bugs or crashes when installing applications, a virtual machine will be able to run those desktop applications just fine. Install Windows in a virtual machine program like VirtualBox, VMware Player, or KVM and you’ll have Windows running in a window. You can install windows software in the virtual machine and run it on your Linux desktop.

盡管Wine在安裝應(yīng)用程序時(shí)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤或崩潰，但虛擬機(jī)將能夠很好地運(yùn)行那些桌面應(yīng)用程序。 在諸如VirtualBox， VMware Player或KVM之類(lèi)的虛擬機(jī)程序中安裝Windows，您將在窗口中運(yùn)行Windows。 您可以在虛擬機(jī)中安裝Windows軟件，然后在Linux桌面上運(yùn)行它。

Virtual machines introduce some overhead, but with today’s fast CPUs, running many types of software in a virtual machine shouldn’t be a problem. This is especially true after you’ve tweaked those virtual machines for speed. This doesn’t apply to games – virtual machines don’t have very good 3D graphics support, so all but the oldest games will fail to run.

虛擬機(jī)會(huì)帶來(lái)一些開(kāi)銷(xiāo)，但是使用當(dāng)今快速的CPU，在虛擬機(jī)中運(yùn)行多種類(lèi)型的軟件應(yīng)該不是問(wèn)題。 在調(diào)整了這些虛擬機(jī)的速度之后，尤其如此。 這不適用于游戲-虛擬機(jī)沒(méi)有很好的3D圖形支持，因此，除了最舊的游戲以外的所有游戲都將無(wú)法運(yùn)行。

To integrate the Windows applications with your desktop, you can use VirtualBox’s seamless mode or VMware’s Unity mode. The applications will still be running in a virtual machine, but their windows will appear seamlessly on your desktop, as if they were running on Linux.

要將Windows應(yīng)用程序與桌面集成在一起，可以使用VirtualBox的無(wú)縫模式或VMware的Unity模式。 這些應(yīng)用程序仍將在虛擬機(jī)中運(yùn)行，但是它們的窗口將無(wú)縫顯示在桌面上，就像它們?cè)贚inux上運(yùn)行一樣。

嘗試CrossOver (Try CrossOver)

If Wine seems like too much of a pain, you may want to try CrossOver Linux. CrossOver is a commercial product so it will cost you money, although CodeWeavers offer a free trial. CrossOver essentially takes the Wine software and packages it so that it’s guaranteed to work properly with popular applications like Photoshop, Office, and even popular games. CodeWeavers provides commercial support for these supported programs, so you have someone to turn to if something breaks.

如果Wine似乎太痛苦了，您可以嘗試使用CrossOver Linux 。 CrossOver是一種商業(yè)產(chǎn)品，因此盡管CodeWeavers提供免費(fèi)試用版，但仍會(huì)花費(fèi)您金錢(qián)。 CrossOver本質(zhì)上采用了Wine軟件并將其打包，從而保證可以與流行的應(yīng)用程序(例如Photoshop，Office甚至流行的游戲)正常工作。 CodeWeavers為這些受支持的程序提供商業(yè)支持，因此如果出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，您可以尋求幫助。

This option isn’t for everyone – often you can run the same applications by using Wine – but if you’re just interested in running a few popular applications on your Linux desktop and paying someone else to do the tweaking for you, CrossOver may be your ticket. CrossOver also sends their patches back to the Wine project, so the money you pay helps fund open-source Wine development.

這個(gè)選項(xiàng)并不適合每個(gè)人-通常您可以使用Wine來(lái)運(yùn)行相同的應(yīng)用程序-但是，如果您只想在Linux桌面上運(yùn)行一些流行的應(yīng)用程序并花錢(qián)讓別人來(lái)為您做調(diào)整，CrossOver可能會(huì)您的票。 CrossOver還將其補(bǔ)丁發(fā)送回Wine項(xiàng)目，因此您支付的資金有助于資助開(kāi)源Wine開(kāi)發(fā)。

As with Wine, CrossOver won’t work perfectly with everything. Like with Wine, CodeWeavers has a compatibility database website.

與Wine一樣，CrossOver不能與所有功能完美配合。 與Wine一樣， CodeWeavers擁有一個(gè)兼容性數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)網(wǎng)站。

使用遠(yuǎn)程桌面 (Use a Remote Desktop)

If you have access to a remote Windows system, you may want to try running your applications on the remote Windows system and using remote desktop on your Linux system to access them. The applications will be running remotely on a real Windows system, so they should work properly.

如果您有權(quán)訪問(wèn)遠(yuǎn)程Windows系統(tǒng)，則可能要嘗試在遠(yuǎn)程Windows系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序，并使用Linux系統(tǒng)上的遠(yuǎn)程桌面來(lái)訪問(wèn)它們。 這些應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒃谡鎸?shí)的Windows系統(tǒng)上遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)行，因此它們應(yīng)該可以正常運(yùn)行。

Many Linux desktops include software for accessing remote Windows desktops already. If not, you can install the rdesktop package.

許多Linux桌面已經(jīng)包含用于訪問(wèn)遠(yuǎn)程Windows桌面的軟件。 如果沒(méi)有，您可以安裝rdesktop軟件包。

當(dāng)其他所有方法均失敗時(shí)：雙啟動(dòng) (When All Else Fails: Dual Boot)

You can’t run every Windows program on Linux – when a big new PC game comes out, it will often be quite some time until it runs properly in Wine. While Steam on Linux and rumored Linux support from Blizzard may change this in the future, games are the one category of app that have the most issues on Linux – although many older games work perfectly.

您不能在Linux上運(yùn)行每個(gè)Windows程序-當(dāng)一款大型PC游戲問(wèn)世時(shí)，通常要花很多時(shí)間才能在Wine中正常運(yùn)行。 雖然Linux上的Steam和暴雪提供Linux支持可能會(huì)在將來(lái)改變這種情況，但游戲是Linux上問(wèn)題最多的一類(lèi)應(yīng)用程序-盡管許多較舊的游戲都能完美運(yùn)行。

Instead of giving up on Windows entirely, consider keeping it around in a dual-boot configuration. When you want to play a new game that doesn’t work properly on Linux, restart into your Windows system.

與其完全放棄Windows，不如考慮將其保留在雙引導(dǎo)配置中。 如果您想玩在Linux上無(wú)法正常運(yùn)行的新游戲，請(qǐng)重新啟動(dòng)Windows系統(tǒng)。

If you’re dual-booting, you can even access your Linux partitions from Windows so you’ll always have access to your files.

如果您是雙重引導(dǎo)，則甚至可以從Windows訪問(wèn)Linux分區(qū)，因此您將始終可以訪問(wèn)文件。

翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/133515/4-ways-to-run-windows-software-on-linux/

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