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如何提高gps精度_如何在锻炼应用程序中提高GPS跟踪精度

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023/12/9 编程问答 31 豆豆

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如何提高gps精度

l i g h t p o e t/Shutterstocklightpoet /快門(mén)

Tracking your runs, bike rides, and other workouts is fun because you can see how much you’re improving (or, in my case, dismally failing to improve). For it to be effective, though, you have to get the most accurate GPS results possible. A 4 or 5 percent error can be the difference between an average run and a personal best.

跟蹤跑步，騎車(chē)和其他鍛煉的過(guò)程很有趣，因?yàn)槟梢钥吹阶约涸诟倪M(jìn)多少(或者就我而言，根本無(wú)法改進(jìn))。但是，要使其有效，您必須獲得最準(zhǔn)確的GPS結(jié)果。 4％或5％的錯(cuò)誤可能是平均成績(jī)與個(gè)人最佳成績(jī)之間的差異。

GPS如何運(yùn)作 (How GPS Works)

Andrey Armyagov/Shutterstock安德烈·亞美尼亞戈夫/ Shutterstock

The Global Position System (GPS) is a seriously complex setup. There are 24 satellites (plus a few spares, at any given time) orbiting about 12,550 miles above the earth every 11 hours and 58 minutes in one of six different orbital planes. That’s four satellites per orbit.

全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的設(shè)置。在六個(gè)不同的軌道飛機(jī)之一中，每11小時(shí)58分鐘有24顆衛(wèi)星(在任何給定時(shí)間加上一些備用衛(wèi)星)繞地球升空約12,550英里。每個(gè)軌道有四顆衛(wèi)星。

They’re spread out so that there’s always a minimum of four satellites overhead, everywhere on Earth. More often, there are six or eight overhead. GPS satellites constantly transmit their exact time, orbital position, and the status of the rest of the constellation, which is the information that makes GPS work.

它們分散開(kāi)來(lái)，因此地球上到處總是至少有四顆衛(wèi)星在頭頂上。通常，有六到八個(gè)開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。 GPS衛(wèi)星不斷發(fā)送其準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間，軌道位置以及其余星座的狀態(tài)，這就是使GPS工作的信息。

The ground control network is manned by the U.S. Air Force, which coordinates everything and makes sure the GPS network remains accurate.

地面控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)由美國(guó)空軍負(fù)責(zé)，可以協(xié)調(diào)所有工作并確保GPS網(wǎng)絡(luò)保持準(zhǔn)確。

Then, of course, there’s your receiving device. It collects signals from all the satellites to which it can connect and uses the info they broadcast to calculate your position as accurately as possible. If all’s going well, the results will be accurate to within about 30 feet.

然后，當(dāng)然有您的接收設(shè)備。它會(huì)收集所有可以連接的衛(wèi)星的信號(hào)，并使用它們廣播的信息來(lái)盡可能準(zhǔn)確地計(jì)算您的位置。如果一切順利，結(jié)果將精確到30英尺以?xún)?nèi)。

Not all GPS receivers are created equal, however. The satellite signals aren’t particularly strong and can be blocked by hills, tall buildings, or even tree canopies and cloud cover. More powerful receivers, though, can pick up fainter signals and possibly even connect with more satellites.

但是，并非所有GPS接收器都是一樣的。衛(wèi)星信號(hào)不是特別強(qiáng)，可能會(huì)被丘陵，高大的建筑物甚至樹(shù)冠和云層遮擋。但是，功能更強(qiáng)大的接收器可以接收微弱的信號(hào)，甚至可能與更多的衛(wèi)星連接。

It’s kind of crazy this is the system I use to track my easy Saturday morning 10k around my local park.

這是我用來(lái)跟蹤周六上午10k的簡(jiǎn)易系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)，這有點(diǎn)瘋狂。

讓您的GPS鎖定 (Let Your GPS Lock On)

GPS is designed for accuracy, not speed. It can take a receiver a few minutes to lock onto the four (or more) satellites necessary for it to calculate an accurate position. This is why apps like Google Maps cheat a bit.

GPS是為準(zhǔn)確性而不是速度而設(shè)計(jì)的。接收機(jī)可能需要花費(fèi)幾分鐘才能鎖定四顆(或更多顆)衛(wèi)星，才能計(jì)算出準(zhǔn)確的位置。這就是為什么像Google Maps這樣的應(yīng)用程序有點(diǎn)作弊的原因。

While most smartphones have a real GPS receiver, a lot of their positioning is done by Assisted GPS (at least until they get a GPS lock). It triangulates your position from that of nearby cell towers, rather than just the overhead satellites, which?is a lot faster.

雖然大多數(shù)智能手機(jī)都具有真正的GPS接收器，但它們的許多定位都是通過(guò)輔助GPS完成的(至少直到獲得GPS鎖定為止)。它可以將您的位置與附近的手機(jī)信號(hào)塔的位置進(jìn)行三角測(cè)量，而不僅僅是高架衛(wèi)星，這要快得多。

This is why, when you open Google Maps, you don’t have to wait a few minutes to find out where you are. Of course, it’s a lot less accurate—especially if you want a precise GPS track.

這就是為什么當(dāng)您打開(kāi)Goog??le Maps時(shí)無(wú)需等待幾分鐘即可確定自己的位置的原因。當(dāng)然，它的準(zhǔn)確性要差很多，尤其是當(dāng)您需要精確的GPS軌跡時(shí)。

Before you go on a run or a ride, turn on the device or open the app you use and give it a few minutes to connect to the full GPS constellation. Use this as an opportunity to stretch or warm-up.

在跑步或乘車(chē)之前，請(qǐng)打開(kāi)設(shè)備或打開(kāi)您使用的應(yīng)用，然后花幾分鐘的時(shí)間連接到完整的GPS星座。以此為契機(jī)進(jìn)行拉伸或熱身。

Some devices, like those made by Garmin, will let you know when they’ve got a good lock. Others, however, like the Apple Watch, will not—you’ll just have to cross your fingers and give them some time.

有些設(shè)備(例如Garmin制造的設(shè)備)會(huì)在鎖好后通知您。但是，其他產(chǎn)品(如Apple Watch)則不會(huì)—您只需要交叉手指并給它們一些時(shí)間。

This looks like an unlikely running route.這似乎是一條不太可能的運(yùn)行路線。

使用專(zhuān)用的GPS設(shè)備 (Use a Dedicated GPS Device)

Instead of using your smartphone, here are a few reasons why you might want to get a GPS running watch or cycling computer:

可能不希望使用智能手機(jī)，而是出于以下原因，您可能想要購(gòu)買(mǎi)GPS跑步表或單車(chē)心率表：

Battery life: Receiving GPS signals takes quite a bit of power. If you also want to use your smartphone to listen to music (or have enough charge left to call someone in an emergency), it’s better to have a dedicated GPS device.
電池壽命：接收GPS信號(hào)會(huì)消耗大量電量。如果您還想使用智能手機(jī)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)(或者還有足夠的電量可以在緊急情況下打電話給某人)，最好使用專(zhuān)用的GPS設(shè)備。
Convenience: Wrist- or handlebar-mounted GPS units are easier to use than a smartphone that’s stashed away in your bag, pocket, or armband. They also give you live updates about your speed and distance.
便利性：腕上或車(chē)把上安裝的GPS單元比藏在包，口袋或臂章中的智能手機(jī)更易于使用。他們還為您提供有關(guān)速度和距離的實(shí)時(shí)更新。
Accuracy: Although no device is 100 percent accurate, dedicated GPS devices tend to be more so. They can also use predictive algorithms based on your bike speed, stride length, or cadence if they lose a signal.
準(zhǔn)確性：盡管沒(méi)有一種設(shè)備能100％地準(zhǔn)確，但專(zhuān)用GPS設(shè)備往往更準(zhǔn)確。如果他們失去信號(hào)，他們還可以根據(jù)您的自行車(chē)速度，步幅或步調(diào)使用預(yù)測(cè)算法。
Better GPS chips: Dedicated devices tend to use higher-end GPS receivers that can pick up fainter signals.
更好的GPS芯片：專(zhuān)用設(shè)備傾向于使用可以接收微弱信號(hào)的高端GPS接收器。

If you don’t want to use a dedicated GPS device (or just can’t afford one at the moment), try a few different apps and see which one gives you the best results.

如果您不想使用專(zhuān)用的GPS設(shè)備(或者目前無(wú)法負(fù)擔(dān)得起)，請(qǐng)嘗試一些不同的應(yīng)用程序，然后看看哪一個(gè)可以為您帶來(lái)最佳效果。

I’ve had success with iSmoothRun and Runkeeper. Strava and the Fitbit app both seem to overestimate distance a bit too much.

我在iSmoothRun和Runkeeper上取得了成功。 Strava和Fitbit應(yīng)用程序似乎都高估了距離。

觀看訓(xùn)練的地方 (Watch Where You Train)

Sander van der Werf/Shutterstock桑德·范德·沃夫/ Shutterstock

GPS signals can easily be blocked by overhanging trees or the steep sides of a gorge. Tall buildings can also reflect them and confuse the calculations. Remember, your receiver needs to see a minimum of four satellites to accurately place you. If its view of the sky is blocked, it will likely struggle.

懸垂的樹(shù)木或峽谷的陡峭側(cè)面很容易阻擋GPS信號(hào)。高層建筑也可以反映它們并使計(jì)算混亂。請(qǐng)記住，您的接收器至少需要看到四顆衛(wèi)星才能正確放置您。如果它的天空視野被遮擋，則可能會(huì)掙扎。

If you need a GPS track that’s as accurate as possible, say for a virtual marathon, or to set a personal best, then carefully consider your route. Find a nice open-air track or park and run there instead of dodging through alleys or charging down steep hills in the woods.

如果您需要盡可能精確的GPS軌跡(例如進(jìn)行虛擬馬拉松比賽或設(shè)置個(gè)人最佳成績(jī))，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮您的路線。找到一條不錯(cuò)的露天跑道或公園，然后在那兒奔跑，而不是躲在小巷中或在樹(shù)林中陡峭的山坡上沖刺。

如果可能，啟用輔助衛(wèi)星星座 (Enable Secondary Satellite Constellations If Possible)

GPS isn’t the only Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). There’s also GLONASS (Russian), Galileo (European Union), and a few others.

GPS不是唯一的全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(GNSS)。還有俄羅斯的GLONASS，歐盟的伽利略(Galileo)和其他一些。

Some devices, like the Apple Watch, can receive signals from those and will automatically connect to the strongest one. Others, like some Garmin watches, require that you manually enable secondary satellite constellations. Your device’s battery life will take a small hit, but it’s probably worth it.

某些設(shè)備(例如Apple Watch)可以接收來(lái)自這些設(shè)備的信號(hào)，并會(huì)自動(dòng)連接到最強(qiáng)的設(shè)備。其他產(chǎn)品，例如某些Garmin手表，則要求您手動(dòng)啟用輔助衛(wèi)星星座。設(shè)備的電池壽命會(huì)受到很大的影響，但這可能是值得的。

每次都使用相同的設(shè)置 (Use the Same Setup Each Time)

This looks like a pretty decent GPS track.這看起來(lái)像一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的GPS軌道。

No GPS setup is perfectly accurate, but most of them are at least consistent in how they track things.

沒(méi)有GPS設(shè)置能夠完全準(zhǔn)確，但是大多數(shù)GPS至少在跟蹤方式方面保持一致。

My Apple Watch, for example, always uses the same cadence and stride length info to fill in any gaps in the GPS track. While the overall track might be out by a percentage or two, it’s almost always going to be out in the same way.

例如，我的Apple Watch始終使用相同的節(jié)奏和步幅信息來(lái)填補(bǔ)GPS軌跡中的任何間隙。雖然總體進(jìn)度可能會(huì)超出一兩個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，但幾乎總是會(huì)以相同的方式出現(xiàn)。

If I were to switch to a Garmin watch, it would use a different algorithm to smooth out my route, so it would be difficult to compare to my past results. This is why it’s also a good idea to use the same app to log your workouts. Otherwise, you won’t know if you really ran faster, or if the difference is just due to how the devices or services calculated the distance.

如果我要改用Garmin手表，它將使用不同的算法來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化路線，因此很難與我以前的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。這就是為什么最好使用相同的應(yīng)用來(lái)記錄您的鍛煉情況。否則，您將不知道自己是否真正運(yùn)行得更快，或者差異是否僅是由于設(shè)備或服務(wù)如何計(jì)算距離而引起的。

This doesn’t mean you should never upgrade your device. Rather, just try to keep your setup as similar as possible. Wear your watch on the same wrist and track things in the same app with the same settings. It’ll keep your training history far more accurate.

這并不意味著您永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該升級(jí)設(shè)備。相反，只要嘗試使您的設(shè)置盡可能相似即可。將手表戴在同一只手腕上，并以相同的設(shè)置在同一應(yīng)用程序中跟蹤事物。這樣可以使您的訓(xùn)練歷史記錄更加準(zhǔn)確。

接受那不是完美的 (Accept That It Won’t Be Perfect)

GPS apps are a wonderful tool for tracking your training, but that’s all they are. Don’t put too much stock in their results—especially the live pace updates, which are incredibly error-prone.

GPS應(yīng)用程序是跟蹤訓(xùn)練的絕佳工具，僅此而已。不要在結(jié)果中投入太多的精力，尤其是實(shí)時(shí)節(jié)奏更新，這很容易出錯(cuò)。

If you were 10 seconds slower, maybe you were just slower. But it could also be a tracking error. Focus on enjoying your workouts and treat your training record as a bonus.

如果您慢10秒鐘，也許您只是慢了一點(diǎn)。但這也可能是跟蹤錯(cuò)誤。專(zhuān)注于享受鍛煉并將訓(xùn)練記錄作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

Of course, if you really want to know how fast your 5k time is, head to a track and run 12.5 laps with a simple stopwatch—it’ll tell you exactly what pace you held.

當(dāng)然，如果您真的想知道5k的速度有多快，請(qǐng)前往跑道并用簡(jiǎn)單的秒表跑12.5圈-它會(huì)告訴您確切的步伐。

翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/683865/how-to-improve-gps-tracking-accuracy-in-your-workout-apps/