1、簡單介紹

junit，驗證實際調用結果，可以斷點調試，也可以檢查代碼覆蓋率
mockito，mock測試框架的一種，可以用來mock外部接口服務和數據，并非真實調用，輔助完成數據mock來驗證流程

2、學習資料

Mockito官網
https://site.mockito.org
B站汪文君Mockito視頻講解
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av67760177

3、環境配置

版本號可以自己適配

<!-- junit --> <dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.8.2</version> </dependency> <!-- mockito --> <dependency><groupId>org.mockito</groupId><artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId><version>1.10.19</version><scope>test</scope> </dependency>

4、測試代碼結構及實例

基礎測試類，通過注解配置Junit+Mockito測試環境

/*** created by guanjian on 2019/11/4 10:54*/ @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("/spring-config.xml") public class BaseTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void init() {}@Beforepublic void initMocks() {MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);} }

具體測試類

@InjectMocks 真實執行，針對實現類使用，不能作用在接口上

@Mock 非真實執行，針對Mock類進行虛擬

@Spy 真實執行

/*** created by guanjian on 2019/11/4 9:20*/ public class ChsiServiceTest extends BaseTest {private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChsiServiceTest.class);@InjectMocksprivate ChsiServiceImpl chsiService;@Mockprivate CampusVerifyFlowResource campusVerifyFlowResourceJSF;@Mockprivate H5CampusStudentAuthResource h5CampusStudentAuthResourceJSF;@Mockprivate BizCacheService bizCacheService;@Spyprivate ChsiAuthResultVo mqVo;@Beforepublic void initMqVo() {mqVo.setZxs("1");mqVo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());mqVo.setAuth("1");}@Testpublic void test_handleChsiAuthResult() {String pin = "testPin";StudentActivationRes studentActivationResSucc = new StudentActivationRes();com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result resultSucc = new com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result();resultSucc.setCode("CSA_SA_00");studentActivationResSucc.setResult(resultSucc);StudentActivationRes studentActivationResFail = new StudentActivationRes();com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result resultFail = new com.jd.jr.baitiao.campus.export.vo.result.Result();resultFail.setCode("CSA_SA_01");studentActivationResFail.setResult(resultFail);when(bizCacheService.getChsiPinByReqId(anyString())).thenReturn(pin, pin, pin);when(campusVerifyFlowResourceJSF.updateCampusVerifyFlow(any(CampusVerifyFlowUpdateReq.class))).thenReturn(Result.buildSuccessResult(), Result.buildErrorResult("0001", "失敗"), Result.buildSuccessResult());when(h5CampusStudentAuthResourceJSF.studentActivation(any(StudentActivationReq.class))).thenReturn(studentActivationResSucc, studentActivationResFail, studentActivationResSucc);doNothing().when(bizCacheService).delChsiPinReqId(pin);//正常流程LOGGER.info("結果MQ處理開始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);LOGGER.info("結果MQ處理結束。");//流水失敗LOGGER.info("結果MQ處理開始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));try {chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);} catch (Exception e) {Assert.assertThat("更新流水失敗", e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}LOGGER.info("結果MQ處理結束。");//激活學生身份失敗LOGGER.info("結果MQ處理開始。mqVo:{}", GsonUtils.toJson(mqVo));try {chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(mqVo);} catch (Exception e) {Assert.assertThat("激活失敗", e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}LOGGER.info("MQ處理結束。");}/*** 驗證mq** @description [auth、reqId]不為空。* [auth]必須是0或1或3。* [zxs]必須是0或1或空。*/@Testpublic void test_checkMessageBody() {//[auth、reqId]不為空。ChsiAuthResultVo vo = new ChsiAuthResultVo();vo.setAuth(null);vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());try {LOGGER.info("請求開始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));} finally {vo = new ChsiAuthResultVo();}vo.setAuth("1");vo.setReqId(null);try {LOGGER.info("請求開始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}vo.setAuth(null);vo.setReqId(null);try {LOGGER.info("請求開始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}vo.setAuth("1");vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());try {LOGGER.info("請求開始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}//[auth]必須是0或1或3。vo.setAuth("5");vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());vo.setZxs(null);try {LOGGER.info("請求開始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}//[zxs]必須是0或1或空。vo.setAuth("0");vo.setReqId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());vo.setZxs("5");try {LOGGER.info("請求開始。req：{}", GsonUtils.toJson(vo));chsiService.handleChsiAuthResult(vo);} catch (Exception e) {assertThat(e, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));}} }

5、測試用例代碼覆蓋率

1、首先找到IDEA工具中Edit Configuration選項

2、點擊小加號，選擇Junit

3、配置Junit中的Configuration基礎配置，定位要運行的項目，參考下圖，選擇項目路徑

4、配置Junit中的Code Coverage，按照包名去匹配檢查覆蓋率，參考下圖，我們要檢查web和service包下代碼覆蓋率

5、以上步驟配置完成Junit和檢查規則，切回到主視圖，選擇配置的Junit，點擊下圖運行按鈕，開始跑測試用例

6、運行完成后，可以在控制臺看到檢查結果，運行的測試方法數，成功數，失敗數。

7、IDEA右側視圖會顯示我們的Junit配置檢查規則下代碼覆蓋率情況，有三個維度，類、方法、行，我們關注方法這欄即可，web覆蓋100%，service覆蓋60%。點擊進入可以看到每個包目錄下更細致的覆蓋情況，一般像緩存方法的api我們可以忽略，mock方法執行的不會實際執行會影響覆蓋率，執行失敗的方法也會影響覆蓋率。

總結

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