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java全局异常处理_详解Spring全局异常处理的三种方式
在J2EE項目的開發中，不管是對底層的數據庫操作過程，還是業務層的處理過程，還是控制層的處理過程，都不可避免會遇到各種可預知的、不可預知的異常需要處理。每個過程都單獨處理異常，系統的代碼耦合度高，工作量大且不好統一，維護的工作量也很大。 那么，能不能將所有類型的異常處理從各處理過程解耦出來，這樣既保證了相關處理過程的功能較單一，也實現了異常信息的統一處理和維護？答案是肯定的。下面將介紹使用Spring MVC統一處理異常的解決和實現過程
使用Spring MVC提供的SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
實現Spring的異常處理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定義自己的異常處理器
使用@ExceptionHandler注解實現異常處理
(一) SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
使用這種方式具有集成簡單、有良好的擴展性、對已有代碼沒有入侵性等優點，但該方法僅能獲取到異常信息，若在出現異常時，對需要獲取除異常以外的數據的情況不適用。
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.balbala.mvc.web"})
public class WebMVCConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
@Bean
public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver()
{
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver b = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties mappings = new Properties();
mappings.put("org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound", "page-404");
mappings.put("org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException", "data-access");
mappings.put("org.springframework.transaction.TransactionException", "transaction-Failure");
b.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
return b;
}
}
(二) HandlerExceptionResolver
相比第一種來說,HandlerExceptionResolver能準確顯示定義的異常處理頁面,達到了統一異常處理的目標
1.定義一個類實現HandlerExceptionResolver接口,這次貼一個自己以前的代碼
package com.athena.common.handler;
import com.athena.common.constants.ResponseCode;
import com.athena.common.exception.AthenaException;
import com.athena.common.http.RspMsg;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by sam on 15/4/14.
*/
public class GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver.class);
/**
* 在這里處理所有得異常信息
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Object o, Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
if (ex instanceof AthenaException) {
//AthenaException為一個自定義異常
ex.printStackTrace();
printWrite(ex.toString(), resp);
return new ModelAndView();
}
//RspMsg為一個自定義處理異常信息的類
//ResponseCode為一個自定義錯誤碼的接口
RspMsg unknownException = null;
if (ex instanceof NullPointerException) {
unknownException = new RspMsg(ResponseCode.CODE_UNKNOWN, "業務判空異常", null);
} else {
unknownException = new RspMsg(ResponseCode.CODE_UNKNOWN, ex.getMessage(), null); }
printWrite(unknownException.toString(), resp);
return new ModelAndView();
}
/**
* 將錯誤信息添加到response中
*
* @param msg
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void printWrite(String msg, HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.write(msg);
pw.flush();
pw.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.加入spring的配置中,這里只貼出了相關部分
import com.athena.common.handler.GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import com.athena.common.handler.GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
/**
* Created by sam on 15/4/14.
*/
public class WebSpringMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
public GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver globalHandlerExceptionResolver() {
return new GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver();
}
}
(三)@ExceptionHandler
這是筆者現在項目的使用方式,這里也僅貼出了相關部分
1.首先定義一個父類,實現一些基礎的方法
package com.balabala.poet.base.spring;
import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
import com.raiyee.poet.base.exception.MessageException;
import com.raiyee.poet.base.utils.Ajax;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
public class BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {
protected static final Logger logger = null;
protected static final String DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE = "系統忙，請稍后再試";
protected ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e, String viewName, HttpStatus status) throws Exception {
if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(e.getClass(), ResponseStatus.class) != null)
throw e;
String errorMsg = e instanceof MessageException ? e.getMessage() : DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE;
String errorStack = Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(e);
getLogger().error("Request: {} raised {}", req.getRequestURI(), errorStack);
if (Ajax.isAjax(req)) {
return handleAjaxError(rsp, errorMsg, status);
}
return handleViewError(req.getRequestURL().toString(), errorStack, errorMsg, viewName);
}
protected ModelAndView handleViewError(String url, String errorStack, String errorMessage, String viewName) {
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("exception", errorStack);
mav.addObject("url", url);
mav.addObject("message", errorMessage);
mav.addObject("timestamp", new Date());
mav.setViewName(viewName);
return mav;
}
protected ModelAndView handleAjaxError(HttpServletResponse rsp, String errorMessage, HttpStatus status) throws IOException {
rsp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
rsp.setStatus(status.value());
PrintWriter writer = rsp.getWriter();
writer.write(errorMessage);
writer.flush();
return null;
}
public Logger getLogger() {
return LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseGlobalExceptionHandler.class);
}
}
2.針對你需要捕捉的異常實現相對應的處理方式
package com.balabala.poet.base.spring;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.NoHandlerFoundException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler extends BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {
//比如404的異常就會被這個方法捕獲
@ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
public ModelAndView handle404Error(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e) throws Exception {
return handleError(req, rsp, e, "error-front", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}
//500的異常會被這個方法捕獲
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
public ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e) throws Exception {
return handleError(req, rsp, e, "error-front", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
//TODO 你也可以再寫一個方法來捕獲你的自定義異常
//TRY NOW!!!
@Override
public Logger getLogger() {
return LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);
}
}
以上就三種處理方式，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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