几款网络测试工具总结
ping命令以前是一個很好用并且常用的網絡測試工具，它是基于ICMP協議，但是出于網絡安全等因素，大部分網絡環境以及云環境可能都會禁止ICMP協議，所以在工作中，我們必須掌握一些其他比較流行的網絡測試工具，下面分別介紹 tcpping、tcping、psping、hping、paping等幾款網絡測試工具。
關于ICMP概念：
ICMP是（Internet Control Message Protocol）Internet控制報文協議。它是TCP/IP協議族的一個子協議，用于在IP主機、路由器之間傳遞控制消息。控制消息是指網絡通不通、主機是否可達、路由是否可用等網絡本身的消息。這些控制消息雖然并不傳輸用戶數據，但是對于用戶數據的傳遞起著重要的作用。
tcpping介紹
tcpping工具工作在 TCP 層，通過發送偽造的 TCP SYN 包并偵聽來自服務器或中間設備返回的 SYN/ACK 或 RST 。代碼100多行，源代碼在此鏈接http://www.vdberg.org/richard/tcpping，tcpping需要調用tcptraceroute。打印與ping近乎相同測試結果，目前版本為V1.7，tcping的介紹參考鏈接http://www.vdberg.org/richard/tcpping.html，這個是Richard van den Berg在2002年編寫的，作者當時需要測量TCP往返時間。所以寫了這個腳本。tcpping只支持Linux。不支持Windows平臺。
tcpping安裝
1:tcpping腳本依賴tcptraceroute組件，所以必須先安裝tcptraceroute
# yum install tcptraceroute2：下載tcpping文件
# wget http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping3：將tcpping文件移動到/usr/bin下并授權。
# mv tcpping /usr/bin/ # cd /usr/bin # chmod 755 tcppingtcpping測試
tcpping幫助信息。
# tcppingtcpping v1.7 Richard van den Berg <richard@vdberg.org>Usage: tcpping [-d] [-c] [-C] [-w sec] [-q num] [-x count] ipaddress [port]-d print timestamp before every result -c print a columned result line-C print in the same format as fping's -C option-w wait time in seconds (defaults to 3)-r repeat every n seconds (defaults to 1)-x repeat n times (defaults to unlimited)See also: man tcptraceroutetcping介紹
tcping也是通過tcp端口工作，tcping還能監聽某個端口的狀態，注意tcping與tcpping是不同的兩款工具，另外tcping也有很多版本。如下所示：
來自 kirchner 源代碼的 TCPing
來自 Eli Fulkerson 源代碼的 TCPing
Windows
tcping安裝
Windows平臺：
從https://www.elifulkerson.com/projects/tcping.php下載該工具后。放到C:\Windows\System32目錄下即可。無需安裝。
Linux平臺：
linux平臺較多，安裝方式也較多，當然最簡單的莫過于yum安裝。測試感覺Linux下的這款工具功能過于簡單。
# yum install tcpingtcping測試
Eli Fulkerson寫的Windows下的tcping功能十分強大。參數多到不想去總結，實在是太多了，如果不清楚，每次使用的時候查看幫助文檔即可。
C:\Users>tcping www.aliyun.comProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.444msProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.574msProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.965msProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=4.074msPing statistics for 140.205.172.20:804 probes sent.4 successful, 0 failed.Approximate trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 2.444ms, Maximum = 4.074ms, Average = 3.014msC:\Users>tcping www.aliyun.com 80Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.731msProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.126msProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.916msProbing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.609msPing statistics for 140.205.172.20:804 probes sent.4 successful, 0 failed.Approximate trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 2.126ms, Maximum = 2.916ms, Average = 2.595msC:\Users>Linux：
Linux下的tcping命令功能非常簡單，如下所示，感覺沒有tcpping或Windows下的tcping功能強大。
Usage: tcping [-q] [-t timeout_sec] [-u timeout_usec] <host> <port>[root@DB-Server ~]# tcping 192.168.27.57 1433192.168.27.57 port 1433 open.PsPing介紹
下面是官方文檔以及Azure官方文檔關于PsPing的介紹資料，這些介紹已經全面的闡述了PsPing這款工具：
PsPing implements Ping functionality, TCP ping, latency and bandwidth measurement. Use the following command-line options to show the usage for each test type:
通常，我們測試數據包能否通過IP協議到達特定主機時，都習慣使用 ping 命令。工作時用ping向目標主機發送一個 IMCP Echo 請求的數據包，并等待接收 Echo 響應數據包，通過響應時間和成功響應的次數來估算丟包率和網絡時延。但是在 Azure 中ICMP包無法通過防火墻和負載均衡器，所以不能直接使用 ping 來測試 Azure 中的虛擬機和服務的連通性（VPN 和 Express Route 通道中的流量不經過負載均衡器，所以只要鏈路上的防火墻允許 ICMP 包傳遞，ping 依然可用）。
為了在 Azure 中進行連通性測試，例如測試 RDP、SSH 端口可用性，或者 HTTP、HTTPS 服務穩定性，甚至測試從 Azure 向外部服務的連接，我們都推薦使用 PsPing 或 PaPing。PsPing 是微軟 PSTools 工具套件中的其中一個命令。除了ICMP ping 測試，它主要用來測試 TCP 端口的連通性，還可以測試 TCP/UDP 網絡時延和帶寬。不過， PsPing 只能在 Windows 中運行。如果您需要在 Linux 中發起 TCP 端口連通性和網路時延的測試，可以使用 PaPing 。PaPing 是一個跨平臺的開源工具。它的功能相對 PsPing 而言更簡單，只支持 TCP 端口的相關測試，不支持 UDP 端口的測試。
PsPing安裝
PSTool工具包可以從微軟官方網址下載：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sysinternals/downloads/psping 。 解壓PSTools.zip包后，將psping.exe拷貝到C:\Windows\System32下，那么你在cmd命令窗口的任意目錄都可以使用PsPing命令了。當然你也可以單獨將 psping.exe 命令解壓出來放在任意路徑，然后從命令提示符來運行。只是這樣就需要在運行命令前轉換到psping.exe所在的路徑。
PsPing參數
psping幫助信息查看，如下所示psping四個主要功能的幫助命令，四個功能分別是ICMP Ping、TCP Ping、延遲測試、帶寬測試。
C:\Users>psping -? iPsPing v2.01 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utilityCopyright (C) 2012-2014 Mark RussinovichSysinternals - www.sysinternals.comICMP ping usage: psping [[-6]|[-4]] [-h [buckets|<val1>,<val2>,...]] [-i <interal>] [-l <requestsize>[k|m] [-q] [-t|-n <count>] [-w <count>] <destination>-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucketcount and the histogram will contain that number ofbuckets covering the entire time range of values.Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a customhistogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").-i Interval in seconds. Specify 0 for fast ping.-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.-n Number of pings or append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.-q Don't output during pings.-t Ping until stopped with Ctrl+C and type Ctrl+Breakfor statistics.-w Warmup with the specified number of iterations (default is 1).-4 Force using IPv4.-6 Force using IPv6.For high-speed ping tests use -q and -i 0.延遲測試多了參數-r,-u,-f
C:\Users>psping -? lPsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utilityCopyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark RussinovichSysinternals - www.sysinternals.comTCP and UDP latency usage:server: psping [-6|-4] [-f] -s address:portclient: psping -l requestsize[k|m] -n count[s] [-r] [-u] [-w count] [-f] [-h [bckets|val1,val2,...]] [-6|-4] destination:port-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.-n Number of sends/receives. Append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.-r Receive from the server instead of sending.-u UDP (default is TCP).-w Warmup with the specified number of iterations (default is 5).-f Open source firewall port during the run.-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucketcount and the histogram will contain that number ofbuckets covering the entire time range of values.Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a customhistogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").-4 Force using IPv4.-6 Force using IPv6.-s Server listening address and port.The server can serve both latency and bandwidth tests and remains active untilyou terminate it with Control-C. C:\Users>psping -? bPsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utilityCopyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark RussinovichSysinternals - www.sysinternals.comTCP and UDP bandwidth usage:server: psping [-6|-4] [-f] -s address:portclient: psping -b -l requestsize[k|m] -n count[s] [-r] [-u [target]] [-i outstanding] [-w count] [-f] [-h [buckets|val1,val2,...]] [-6|-4] destination:port-b Bandwidth test.-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.-n Number of sends/receives. Append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.-r Receive from the server instead of sending.-u UDP (default is TCP). Specify target bandwidth in MB/s.-i Number of outstanding I/Os (default is min of 16 and 2x CPU cores).-w Warmup for the specified iterations (default is 2x CPU cores).-f Open source firewall port during the run.-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucketcount and the histogram will contain that number ofbuckets covering the entire time range of values.Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a customhistogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").-4 Force using IPv4.-6 Force using IPv6.-s Server listening address and port.The server can serve both latency and bandwidth tests and remains active untilyou terminate it with Control-C.帶寬測試多了-b、-i兩個參數。如下所示：
-b 帶寬測試
-i 未完成的I/O數量
PsPing測試案例
例子1，例如我要檢查服務器的1433端口是否開放
例子2：網絡時延測試
C:\Users>psping -n 6 -w 2 -h xxxxxx.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utilityCopyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark RussinovichSysinternals - www.sysinternals.comTCP connect to 139.219.130.35:1433:8 iterations (warmup 2) ping test:Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433 (warmup): from 192.168.103.21:57851: 36.10msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433 (warmup): from 192.168.103.21:57852: 36.32msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57853: 40.33msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57854: 34.71msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57855: 35.60msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57856: 35.74msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57858: 40.21msConnecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57859: 39.50msTCP connect statistics for 139.xxx.130.xxx:1433:Sent = 6, Received = 6, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Minimum = 34.71ms, Maximum = 40.33ms, Average = 37.68msLatency Count34.71 135.01 035.30 035.60 235.89 036.19 036.49 036.78 037.08 037.37 037.67 037.96 038.26 038.56 038.85 039.15 039.44 139.74 040.03 140.33 1例子3：網絡帶寬測試
paping安裝測試
paping的下載地址如下，它分Windows和Linux版本。
https://code.google.com/archive/p/paping/downloads
tar -xvf paping_1.5.5_x86-64_linux.tar.gz解壓到任意目錄，就可以直接執行。另外paping命令對比psping命令，功能更簡單、單一。它只有簡單的4個參數。
-p, --port N 指定被測試服務的 TCP 端口（必須）；
–nocolor 屏蔽彩色輸出；
-t, --timeout 指定超時時長，單位為毫秒，默認值為 1000；
-c, --count N 指定測試次數。
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./paping -?paping v1.5.5 - Copyright (c) 2011 Mike LovellSyntax: paping [options] destinationOptions:-?, --help display usage-p, --port N set TCP port N (required)--nocolor Disable color output-t, --timeout timeout in milliseconds (default 1000)-c, --count N set number of checks to N [root@DB-Server tmp]# ./paping --nocolor -p 80 -c 10 www.azure.cnpaping v1.5.5 - Copyright (c) 2011 Mike LovellConnecting to 1stcncloud.dtwscachev290.ourwebcdn.com [27.155.71.36] on TCP 80:Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.39ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.33ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.73ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.48ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.49ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.39ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.37ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.35ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.47ms protocol=TCP port=80Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.52ms protocol=TCP port=80Connection statistics:Attempted = 10, Connected = 10, Failed = 0 (0.00%)Approximate connection times:Minimum = 0.33ms, Maximum = 0.73ms, Average = 0.45msHping介紹
Hping是一個命令行下使用的TCP/IP數據包組裝/分析工具，其命令模式很像Unix下的ping命令，但是它不僅能發送ICMP回應請求，它還可以支持TCP、UDP、ICMP和RAW-IP協議，它有一個路由跟蹤模式，能夠在兩個相互包含的通道之間傳送文件。Hping常被用于檢測網絡和主機，其功能非常強大，可在多種操作系統下運行，如Linux，FreeBSD，NetBSD，OpenBSD，Solaris，MacOs X，Windows。 目前最新的版本為hping3
Hping的主要功能有：
?1、防火墻測試
?2、高級端口掃描
?3、網絡檢測，可以用不同的協議、服務類型（TOS）、IP分片
?4、手工探測MTU（ 最大傳輸單元） 路徑
?5、先進的路由跟蹤，支持所有的協議
?6、遠程操作系統探測
?7、遠程的運行時間探測
?8、TCP/IP堆棧審計
Hping的官方網址為http://www.hping.org/，開發者為是Salvatore Sanfilippo，官方介紹資料如下：
hping is a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer. The interface is inspired to the ping(8) unix command, but hping isn’t only able to send ICMP echo requests. It supports TCP, UDP, ICMP and RAW-IP protocols, has a traceroute mode, the ability to send files between a covered channel, and many other features.
While hping was mainly used as a security tool in the past, it can be used in many ways by people that don’t care about security to test networks and hosts. A subset of the stuff you can do using hping:
· Firewall testing
· Advanced port scanning
· Network testing, using different protocols, TOS, fragmentation
· Manual path MTU discovery
· Advanced traceroute, under all the supported protocols
· Remote OS fingerprinting
· Remote uptime guessing
· TCP/IP stacks auditing
· hping can also be useful to students that are learning TCP/IP.
Hping works on the following unix-like systems: Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, MacOs X, Windows.
Hping安裝
Hping這個項目在GitHub上，https://github.com/antirez/hping，可以直接從這里下載安裝。另外如果yum源有安裝程序，使用yum安裝最方便、快捷。
# yum install hping3下面是官方文檔的源碼安裝，不過源碼安裝需要依賴一些組件，想必yum安裝麻煩很多：
Linux
please, follows this steps:
$ ./configure (first try ./configure --help)$ vi Makefile (optional)$ make$ su# make installFreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
You will need the libpcap and the gmake utility installed on your system.
$ ./configure$ gmake$ su (or calife)# gmake installHping測試
查看hping的幫助信息：
[root@DB-Server ~]# hping3 --help #或者hping --help
下面表格整理了部分參數信息，更多參數信息可以參考幫助文檔或http://man.linuxde.net/hping
# hping3 -S 192.168.27.57 -p 1433HPING 192.168.27.57 (eth0 192.168.27.57): S set, 40 headers + 0 data byteslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=0 win=5840 rtt=31.4 mslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=1 win=5840 rtt=23.5 mslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=118 DF id=10907 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=2 win=8192 rtt=20.4 mslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=118 DF id=10908 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=3 win=8192 rtt=15.6 mslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=4 win=5840 rtt=15.5 mslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=5 win=5840 rtt=14.1 mslen=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=6 win=5840 rtt=14.4 ms^C--- 192.168.27.57 hping statistic ---7 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 14.1/19.3/31.4 ms個人感覺Hping是功能最強大的一款工具，可以測試防火墻功能、端口掃描、Idle掃描、拒絕服務攻擊、木馬功能，這篇hping3命令已經詳細介紹了，而且有些測試不方便展示在此。在此略過細節。另外，工具再好，也需要可以掌握、駕馭工具的人。
參考資料：
https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/articles/azure-operations-guide/virtual-network/aog-virtual-network-tcp-psping-paping-connectivity
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psping
https://www.cmsky.com/tcping/
http://zhjwpku.com/2016/12/17/tcpping-hping-mtr.html
https://www.slashroot.in/what-tcp-ping-and-how-it-usedyouy
http://tookdes.org/geek/archives/tcping-intro.html
http://man.linuxde.net/hping3
總結
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