“约见”面试官系列之常见面试题第九篇vue实现双向绑定原理(建议收藏)
目錄
1、原理
2、實(shí)現(xiàn)
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在目前的前端面試中,vue的雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)非常容易考到的點(diǎn),即使不能當(dāng)場寫出來,至少也要能說出原理。本篇文章中我將會(huì)仿照vue寫一個(gè)雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定的實(shí)例,名字就叫myVue吧。結(jié)合注釋,希望能讓大家有所收獲。1、原理
Vue的雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定的原理相信大家也都十分了解了,主要是通過 Object對(duì)象的defineProperty屬性,重寫data的set和get函數(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這里對(duì)原理不做過多描述,主要還是來實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)實(shí)例。為了使代碼更加的清晰,這里只會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)最基本的內(nèi)容,主要實(shí)現(xiàn)v-model,v-bind 和v-click三個(gè)命令,其他命令也可以自行補(bǔ)充。
添加網(wǎng)上的一張圖
2、實(shí)現(xiàn)
頁面結(jié)構(gòu)很簡單,如下
<div id="app"><form><input type="text" v-model="number"><button type="button" v-click="increment">增加</button></form><h3 v-bind="number"></h3></div>包含:
1. 一個(gè)input,使用v-model指令2. 一個(gè)button,使用v-click指令3. 一個(gè)h3,使用v-bind指令。我們最后會(huì)通過類似于vue的方式來使用我們的雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定,結(jié)合我們的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)添加注釋
var app = new myVue({el:'#app',data: {number: 0},methods: {increment: function() {this.number ++;},}})首先我們需要定義一個(gè)myVue構(gòu)造函數(shù):
function myVue(options) {}為了初始化這個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù),給它添加一 個(gè)_init屬性
function myVue(options) {this._init(options); } myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {this.$options = options; // options 為上面使用時(shí)傳入的結(jié)構(gòu)體,包括el,data,methodsthis.$el = document.querySelector(options.el); // el是 #app, this.$el是id為app的Element元素this.$data = options.data; // this.$data = {number: 0}this.$methods = options.methods; // this.$methods = {increment: function(){}}}接下來實(shí)現(xiàn)_obverse函數(shù),對(duì)data進(jìn)行處理,重寫data的set和get函數(shù)
并改造_init函數(shù)
myVue.prototype._obverse = function (obj) { // obj = {number: 0}var value;for (key in obj) { //遍歷obj對(duì)象if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {value = obj[key]; if (typeof value === 'object') { //如果值還是對(duì)象,則遍歷處理this._obverse(value);}Object.defineProperty(this.$data, key, { //關(guān)鍵enumerable: true,configurable: true,get: function () {console.log(`獲取${value}`);return value;},set: function (newVal) {console.log(`更新${newVal}`);if (value !== newVal) {value = newVal;}}})}}}myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {this.$options = options;this.$el = document.querySelector(options.el);this.$data = options.data;this.$methods = options.methods;this._obverse(this.$data);}接下來我們寫一個(gè)指令類Watcher,用來綁定更新函數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)DOM元素的更新
function Watcher(name, el, vm, exp, attr) {this.name = name; //指令名稱,例如文本節(jié)點(diǎn),該值設(shè)為"text"this.el = el; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM元素this.vm = vm; //指令所屬myVue實(shí)例this.exp = exp; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的值,本例如"number"this.attr = attr; //綁定的屬性值,本例為"innerHTML"this.update();}Watcher.prototype.update = function () {this.el[this.attr] = this.vm.$data[this.exp]; //比如 H3.innerHTML = this.data.number; 當(dāng)number改變時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)這個(gè)update函數(shù),保證對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了更新。}更新_init函數(shù)以及_obverse函數(shù)
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {//...this._binding = {}; //_binding保存著model與view的映射關(guān)系,也就是我們前面定義的Watcher的實(shí)例。當(dāng)model改變時(shí),我們會(huì)觸發(fā)其中的指令類更新,保證view也能實(shí)時(shí)更新//...}myVue.prototype._obverse = function (obj) {//...if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {this._binding[key] = { // 按照前面的數(shù)據(jù),_binding = {number: _directives: []} _directives: []};//...var binding = this._binding[key];Object.defineProperty(this.$data, key, {//...set: function (newVal) {console.log(`更新${newVal}`);if (value !== newVal) {value = newVal;binding._directives.forEach(function (item) { // 當(dāng)number改變時(shí),觸發(fā)_binding[number]._directives 中的綁定的Watcher類的更新item.update();})}}})}}}那么如何將view與model進(jìn)行綁定呢?接下來我們定義一個(gè)_compile函數(shù),用來解析我們的指令(v-bind,v-model,v-clickde)等,并在這個(gè)過程中對(duì)view與model進(jìn)行綁定。
myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {//...this._complie(this.$el);}myVue.prototype._complie = function (root) { root 為 id為app的Element元素,也就是我們的根元素var _this = this;var nodes = root.children;for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {var node = nodes[i];if (node.children.length) { // 對(duì)所有元素進(jìn)行遍歷,并進(jìn)行處理this._complie(node);}if (node.hasAttribute('v-click')) { // 如果有v-click屬性,我們監(jiān)聽它的onclick事件,觸發(fā)increment事件,即number++node.onclick = (function () {var attrVal = nodes[i].getAttribute('v-click');return _this.$methods[attrVal].bind(_this.$data); //bind是使data的作用域與method函數(shù)的作用域保持一致})();}if (node.hasAttribute('v-model') && (node.tagName == 'INPUT' || node.tagName == 'TEXTAREA')) { // 如果有v-model屬性,并且元素是INPUT或者TEXTAREA,我們監(jiān)聽它的input事件node.addEventListener('input', (function(key) { var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-model');//_this._binding['number']._directives = [一個(gè)Watcher實(shí)例]// 其中Watcher.prototype.update = function () {// node['vaule'] = _this.$data['number']; 這就將node的值保持與number一致// }_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher( 'input',node,_this,attrVal,'value'))return function() {_this.$data[attrVal] = nodes[key].value; // 使number 的值與 node的value保持一致,已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙向綁定}})(i));} if (node.hasAttribute('v-bind')) { // 如果有v-bind屬性,我們只要使node的值及時(shí)更新為data中number的值即可var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-bind');_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher('text',node,_this,attrVal,'innerHTML'))}}}至此,我們已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)簡單vue的雙向綁定功能,包括v-bind, v-model, v-click三個(gè)指令。效果如下圖
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附上全部代碼,不到150行
<!DOCTYPE html> <head><title>myVue</title> </head> <style>#app {text-align: center;} </style> <body><div id="app"><form><input type="text" v-model="number"><button type="button" v-click="increment">增加</button></form><h3 v-bind="number"></h3></div> </body><script>function myVue(options) {this._init(options);}myVue.prototype._init = function (options) {this.$options = options;this.$el = document.querySelector(options.el);this.$data = options.data;this.$methods = options.methods;this._binding = {};this._obverse(this.$data);this._complie(this.$el);}myVue.prototype._obverse = function (obj) {var value;for (key in obj) {if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {this._binding[key] = { _directives: []};value = obj[key];if (typeof value === 'object') {this._obverse(value);}var binding = this._binding[key];Object.defineProperty(this.$data, key, {enumerable: true,configurable: true,get: function () {console.log(`獲取${value}`);return value;},set: function (newVal) {console.log(`更新${newVal}`);if (value !== newVal) {value = newVal;binding._directives.forEach(function (item) {item.update();})}}})}}}myVue.prototype._complie = function (root) {var _this = this;var nodes = root.children;for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {var node = nodes[i];if (node.children.length) {this._complie(node);}if (node.hasAttribute('v-click')) {node.onclick = (function () {var attrVal = nodes[i].getAttribute('v-click');return _this.$methods[attrVal].bind(_this.$data);})();}if (node.hasAttribute('v-model') && (node.tagName == 'INPUT' || node.tagName == 'TEXTAREA')) {node.addEventListener('input', (function(key) {var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-model');_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher('input',node,_this,attrVal,'value'))return function() {_this.$data[attrVal] = nodes[key].value;}})(i));} if (node.hasAttribute('v-bind')) {var attrVal = node.getAttribute('v-bind');_this._binding[attrVal]._directives.push(new Watcher('text',node,_this,attrVal,'innerHTML'))}}}function Watcher(name, el, vm, exp, attr) {this.name = name; //指令名稱,例如文本節(jié)點(diǎn),該值設(shè)為"text"this.el = el; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的DOM元素this.vm = vm; //指令所屬myVue實(shí)例this.exp = exp; //指令對(duì)應(yīng)的值,本例如"number"this.attr = attr; //綁定的屬性值,本例為"innerHTML"this.update();}Watcher.prototype.update = function () {this.el[this.attr] = this.vm.$data[this.exp];}window.onload = function() {var app = new myVue({el:'#app',data: {number: 0},methods: {increment: function() {this.number ++;},}})} </script>本面試題為前端常考面試題,后續(xù)有機(jī)會(huì)繼續(xù)完善。我是歌謠,一個(gè)沉迷于故事的講述者。
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