pyqt5子窗口跳出主窗口_弹出式窗口与 可用性，转换和跳出率
pyqt5子窗口跳出主窗口
Written by Cassandra Naji
由卡珊德拉·納吉 ( Cassandra Naji)撰寫
They go by many names — modal windows, dialog boxes, modal pop-ups — but whatever you call them, pop-ups have a reputation for being divisive when it comes to usability. Judging by the frequency of pop-up use on the average web page, UI designers and developers love these little guys.
它們有很多名稱，包括模式窗口，對話框，模式彈出窗口，但是無論您如何稱呼它們， 彈出窗口在可用性方面都有分歧。 從普通網頁上彈出窗口的使用頻率來看，UI設計師和開發人員喜歡這些小家伙。
However, users seem less enamored. Indeed, pop-ups certainly have a bad rap among the majority of users and a fair proportion of UX practitioners. So why are they still so prevalent? Over here at Justinmind we decided to do some investigation, canvas some user opinions and get the skinny from our in-house designers. Here is what we found out about the modal pop-up window and, more importantly, the best alternatives out there.
但是，用戶似乎不太著迷。 的確，在大多數用戶和相當一部分的UX從業人員中，彈出窗口當然是一個不好的說唱。 那么為什么它們仍然如此流行？ 在Justinmind，我們決定進行一些調查，調查一些用戶的意見，并從我們的內部設計師那兒瘦下來 。 這是我們發現的關于模式彈出窗口的信息，更重要的是，那里是最佳的替代選擇。
模態彈出窗口的興起 (The Rise of the Modal Pop-up)
Stripping things right back to basics, the attraction of the pop-up window in terms of raw functionality is not hard to grasp. As a graphical control element, the pop-up conveys to the user information that is related, yet subordinate to the main page content, blocking access to the main window until users interact with it. Aimed at temporarily interrupting user workflows, pop-ups are simple and effective at first glance; you want to communicate something to the user, you do it, ask them to respond and then everyone goes on their way, right?
簡而言之，彈出窗口在原始功能方面的吸引力并不難掌握。 作為圖形控制元素，彈出窗口將與用戶相關但仍屬于主頁內容的信息傳達給用戶，從而阻止訪問主窗口，直到用戶與其交互。 彈出窗口旨在暫時中斷用戶的工作流程，乍看之下既簡單又有效。 您想與用戶交流某些東西，您做到了，請他們回應，然后每個人都按自己的方式進行，對嗎？
The pop-up has a variety of uses, from delivering irrelevant pop-up spam to relevant content suggestions and confirmation calls. For UI designers the pop-up window quickly came to represent the “gift of newfound space“, according to UX Mag — a way to cater for last-minute additions or prune existing page content.
彈出窗口具有多種用途，從傳遞無關的彈出式垃圾郵件到相關的內容建議和確認呼叫。 根據UX Mag的說法，對于UI設計師來說，彈出窗口很快就代表了“ 新發現的空間的禮物 ”，這是一種滿足最新需求或修剪現有頁面內容的方法。
Looks like the modal pop-up is the answer to all your UI design real estate prayers, right? Problem is, according to usability and UX-perts, this is far from universally true.
模態彈出窗口似乎是您所有UI設計房地產祈禱的答案，對嗎？ 問題是，根據可用性和UX-perts，這遠非普遍。
彈出式正詞 (The Popup Positives)
Before addressing all the reasons why pop-ups so often find themselves in ‘most-hated UI element’ lists, the positives cannot and should not be dismissed. After all, when Justinmind carried out an online survey into ‘Are pop-ups here to stay?’ 21% of respondents replied in the affirmative, defending the power of the pop-up against the 23% who thought they were the devil’s design pattern and the 56% of fence-sitters. So let us look at some of the upsides to this UI element.
在解決彈出式窗口經常出現在“最討厭的UI元素”列表中的所有原因之前，不能也不應該忽略肯定的結果。 畢竟，當賈斯汀敏德(Justinmind)對“彈出式窗口還會留下來嗎？”進行在線調查時， 21％的受訪者回答是肯定的，為彈出式窗口的力量辯護，反對23％的人認為自己是魔鬼的設計模式，而56％的圍欄保姆。 因此，讓我們看一下該UI元素的一些優點。
1. C是轉換率 (1. C is for Conversion Rates)
First up, The Big C. Conversions. Most online content producers are looking for one thing above all — conversions. Whether that is in the form of email sign ups, downloads or purchases.
首先是The Big C. Conversions 。 大多數在線內容生產商都在尋找一件事-轉化。 無論是以電子郵件注冊，下載還是購買的形式。
As far as raw statistics go, the conversion-focused pop-up takes some beating. Take for example the expansive claims made by Appsumo, who say their ListBuilder pop-up plug-in helped sites using the widget collect 110,313 emails in 30 days. Or Steven McDonald’s claims in User Testing.com, where he identifies his pop-ups as “the third biggest lead generator on the site.”
就原始統計數據而言，以轉換為中心的彈出式窗口需要花費一些時間。 以Appsumo的廣泛說法為例，他說他們的ListBuilder彈出式插件使用小部件幫助網站在30天內收集了110,313封電子郵件 。 或史蒂文·麥克唐納(Steven McDonald)在User Testing.com上的聲明，他在其中將彈出式窗口標識為“該網站上的第三大潛在客戶生成器 ”。
Why does this matter so much for e-commerce? In an online world where, according to Ott Niggulis in ConversionXL, 99% of site visitors don’t ‘buy’ on their first visit to your site but 75% intend to return to do so in the future, the modal pop-up seems like an irreplaceable tool for collecting follow-up email contacts. Why? It is all thanks to the power of ‘persuasion’, or interruption marketing.
為什么這對電子商務如此重要？ 根據ConversionXL的Ott Niggulis的說法，在一個在線世界中，有99％的網站訪問者在首次訪問您的網站時不會“購買”，但有75％的人打算在將來再次訪問該網站，因此彈出式窗口似乎就像收集后續電子郵件聯系人的不可替代的工具一樣。 為什么？ 這全都歸功于“說服力”或打斷 營銷的力量。
Interruption marketing works, as anyone who has ever experienced tele-marketing or TV ad campaigns knows. It works in the sense that users have to stop what they are doing and deal with the marketing message presented to them. This is particularly true of modals because, to continue browsing a webpage, you have to interact with them and their message, even if it is just by clicking ‘close’.
曾經有電話營銷或電視廣告活動經驗的人都知道中斷營銷的原理。 從某種意義上說，它的工作原理是用戶必須停止正在做的事情并處理呈現給他們的營銷信息。 對于模態來說尤其如此，因為要繼續瀏覽網頁，您必須與它們及其消息進行交互，即使只是單擊“關閉”也是如此。
The results of using conversion-focused pop-ups can be compelling. The University of Alberta had witnessed an increase in newsletter sign-ups when they introduced the sign-up form via a pop-up: from 1–2 sign ups a day they rose to 12–15 — still tiny numbers, but nonetheless a potent percentage increase.
使用以轉換為中心的彈出式窗口的結果可能令人信服。 阿爾伯塔大學通過彈出窗口介紹注冊表單時，見證了新聞訂閱的增加：從每天1-2次注冊增加到12-15次 ，雖然仍然很小，但仍然很有效百分比增加。
2. B是跳出率 (2. B is for Bounce Rates)
But surely if you are interrupting your users all the time and diverting their navigation flows with pop-ups, they are going to bounce from your site, right? According ConversionXL, wrong. In the two examples cited by Niggulis, WPBeginner and Backlinko, the introduction of modal pop-up windows had zero effect on site bounce rates. Zero.
但是可以肯定的是，如果您一直在打擾用戶，并通過彈出窗口改變他們的導航流程，那么他們將從您的站點反彈，對嗎？ 根據ConversionXL，錯了。 在Niggulis引用的兩個示例WPBeginner和Backlinko中，引入模式彈出窗口對站點跳出率的影響為零。 零。
From a purely conversion perspective, pop-ups seem to work.
從純粹的轉換角度來看，彈出窗口似乎有效。
負面因素 (The Negatives)
1.大數字，零參與 (1. Big Numbers, Zero Engagement)
So far, so awesome when speaking only about raw conversion stats. But sometimes numbers can be deceptive. Let us take a closer look at those ‘incredible’ newsletter sign-up rates. Mauro d’ Andrea found that engagement from subscribers garnered through pop-ups is significantly lower than that of autonomous sign-ups. So yes, you might boost your subscriber list, but be aware that those very same subscribers might never open your marketing mails, much less click through and convert.
到目前為止，僅談論原始轉化統計信息時真是太棒了。 但有時數字可能具有欺騙性。 讓我們仔細看看那些“令人難以置信的”新聞通訊注冊率。 毛羅·德·安德里亞(Mauro d'Andrea)發現，通過彈出窗口獲得訂戶的參與度明顯低于自主注冊的參與度。 所以是的，您可以增加您的訂戶列表，但要注意，那些完全相同的訂戶可能永遠不會打開您的營銷郵件，更不用說點擊并轉換了。
2.品牌信譽 (2. Brand Credibility)
In fact, pop-ups may be doing your brand harm even as they simultaneously boost conversions. Nielsen Norman Group, in their piece on ‘needy design patterns’, and more specifically exit-intent pop-ups (pop-ups that try to make you carry out an action before leaving the web page), identify that “needy patterns like the please-don’t-go popover … chip away at the presentation of a professional, confident website. They also damage users’ perceptions of credibility.”
實際上，彈出式窗口可能會損害您的品牌，即使它們同時促進轉化。 尼爾森·諾曼(Nielsen Norman Group)在有關“復雜設計模式”的文章中，尤其是在退出意圖彈出式窗口(試圖讓您在離開網頁之前執行操作的彈出式窗口)中，指出“類似于請不要去彈出窗口… 在一個專業，充滿信心的網站上發表演講時，請chip之以鼻。 它們還會損害用戶對信譽的看法。”
Do not rely on users letting you know they are TO-ed with your pop-up: as Jon Reed points out, complaining is time-consuming, and “If you had a box on your site saying “do you hate our pop-ups,” I would have clicked “yes”.
不要依賴用戶讓您知道他們是彈出式窗口的使用者：正如喬恩·里德(Jon Reed)所指出的那樣，抱怨很耗時，并且“如果您的網站上有一個方框說：“您討厭我們的彈出式窗口嗎？ ，” 我應該點擊“是” 。
It could be that the era of interruption marketing in general, and pop-ups in particular, is drawing to a close. Inbound marketing shows no signs of releasing its grip in the digital era, and in an increasingly crowded online marketplace, users are freer than ever to choose to which brands they pledge loyalty to. As Jon Reed says in his round rebuke to pop-ups, B2B audiences in particular are “looking for long-term relationships with experts they can trust.” If your product or content is good, chances are users will find their way to it without a pop-up.
可能是一般的中斷營銷時代，特別是彈出窗口時代已經接近尾聲。 入站營銷沒有跡象表明在數字時代有什么影響力，而且在日益擁擠的在線市場中，用戶比以往任何時候都更加自由地選擇忠誠的品牌。 正如喬恩·里德(Jon Reed)在對彈出式窗口的全面譴責中所說，特別是B2B受眾“正在尋找與他們可以信賴的專家建立長期合作關系”。 如果您的產品或內容不錯，則用戶很可能會發現自己沒有彈出窗口的方式。
3.用戶體驗和可用性 (3. User Experience and Usability)
Let us get down to the nuts and bolts — how users feel about pop-ups. What is it like to experience a pop-up in the wild? Are users left frothing at the mouth at having useful content held hostage behind an intransigent pop-up?
讓我們開始講究細節—用戶對彈出窗口的感覺。 在野外體驗彈出窗口是什么感覺？ 在有用的內容被頑固的彈出窗口背后扣為人質時，用戶是否會fr之以鼻？
Justinmind’s in-house UXer Sergi Arevalo points out that the answer is more complex than it you might first assume: “Despite pop-up windows having a variety of different functions and some applicable contexts, they can still be aggressive.” That is backed up by our online survey, in which numerous variations on “it depends on the context” to “devil’s design pattern” captured some of the ambivalence felt by users when faced with pop-ups they found unhelpful.
Justinmind內部的UXer Sergi Arevalo指出，答案比您最初可能想的要復雜得多：“盡管彈出窗口具有多種不同的功能和某些適用的上下文，但它們仍然具有攻擊性。” 我們的在線調查證實了這一點，在該調查中，從“取決于上下文”到“魔鬼的設計模式”的多種變體捕獲了用戶在遇到無用的彈出窗口時感到的矛盾情緒。
It seems context is king when it comes to pop-ups. In terms of advertising, the stats are enlightening: 70% of US users are annoyed by pop-up ads, and according to SearchEngineLand, the primary reason for blocking a site is annoying ads. Of course, not all pop-ups are ad pop-ups, and some pop-ups add value. As Sergi points out, “they’re ideal if you want to show related content while keeping the user on the same page, and for a designer they’re a great way to add focused value within a reduced area.” Pop-ups — it is complicated.
在彈出式窗口中，上下文似乎是最重要的。 在廣告方面， 統計數據令人鼓舞 ：彈出式廣告讓美國70％的用戶感到煩惱，而根據SearchEngineLand所說， 阻止網站的主要原因是令人討厭的廣告 。 當然，并非所有的彈出窗口都是廣告彈出窗口，某些彈出窗口會增加價值。 正如Sergi指出的那樣，“如果您希望在使用戶保持相同頁面的同時顯示相關內容，這是理想的選擇，對于設計人員來說，這是在縮小區域內增加重點價值的好方法。” 彈出窗口-這很復雜。
4.行動裝置 (4. Mobile Modals)
There might be one clear case however when pop-ups are persona non-grata. Way back when the pop-up first appeared on interfaces, most of us were interacting with desktop devices by pointing and clicking. It is fairly easy to close an annoying pop-up with a mouse gesture. But we are now living in the mobile era, and pop-ups have failed to morph with the times.
但是，當彈出窗口不受歡迎時，可能會有一個明確的情況。 當彈出窗口首次出現在界面上時，我們大多數人都通過指向和單擊來與桌面設備進行交互。 用鼠標手勢關閉煩人的彈出窗口非常容易。 但是我們現在生活在移動時代，彈出窗口無法與時俱進。
Pop-ups are a tough call for designers of mobile UIs. Different operating systems require different designs. The usual top-right close button is way out of the thumb zone and tricky to hit accurately, and all too often mobile pop-ups fail to resize adequately, leaving users scrolling around desperately looking for the ‘close’. Basically, as UX Mag points out, modal pop-ups “just don’t work well on tablets and mobile devices“.
彈出窗口對于移動UI的設計者來說是一個艱難的要求。 不同的操作系統需要不同的設計。 通常，右上角的關閉按鈕位于拇指區域之外，很難準確擊中，而且經常出現移動彈出窗口無法充分調整大小的情況，從而使用戶拼命地滾動尋找“關閉”位置。 基本上，正如UX Mag指出的那樣，模式彈出式窗口“ 在平板電腦和移動設備上不能很好地工作 ”。
那么彈出式窗口能否成為出色的用戶體驗？ (So Can a Pop-up Ever Make for Good UX?)
If you listen to Jon Reed then the answer is definitely no: “pop-ups, by definition, ruin user experience.” But despite its aforementioned negative aspects, in certain web apps or desktop interfaces the pop-up can be a welcome addition.
如果您聽喬恩·里德(Jon Reed)的話，答案肯定是 ：“彈出窗口，從定義上講，破壞了用戶體驗。” 但是，盡管存在上述負面影響，但在某些Web應用程序或桌面界面中，彈出式窗口還是值得歡迎的。
On our Justinmind survey, respondents pointed out that modal pop-ups could be vital when used to guide users through a potentially confusing process, or provide necessary information. UXmag points out that in programs or apps that require user confirmation or certain actions, modal pop-ups are an unbeatable way of focusing user attention before irreversible actions are carried out.
在我們的Justinmind調查中，受訪者指出，模式彈出窗口在用于引導用戶進行可能引起混淆的過程或提供必要信息時可能至關重要。 UXmag指出，在需要用戶確認或某些操作的程序或應用中，模態彈出窗口是在執行不可逆操作之前吸引用戶注意力的一種無與倫比的方法。
If you are designing this kind of software our UXer Sergi recommends running A/B tests on how best to communicate with users. It might be that your interactively prototyped pop-ups actually go down better with users if they see the true value of the interruption.
如果您正在設計這種軟件，我們的UXer Sergi建議您運行A / B測試，以了解如何與用戶進行最佳交流。 如果用戶看到中斷的真正價值，那么交互式原型彈出窗口實際上可能會更好地與用戶一起使用。
However, be aware that A/B tests between two pop-ups will only give you the best of two worlds. Run an option without pop-ups to see what kind of experience users truly value.
但是，請注意，兩個彈出窗口之間的A / B測試只會給您帶來兩個世界中最好的東西。 運行沒有彈出窗口的選項，以查看用戶真正重視的體驗。
如何正確執行彈出式窗口 (How to do Pop-ups Right)
If you do eventually incorporate a modal pop-up into your UI, it is probably wise to establish some best practice guidelines. Our survey revealed that users were willing to accept a pop-up if it:
如果您最終確實將模態彈出窗口合并到UI中，則建立一些最佳實踐準則可能是明智的。 我們的調查顯示，如果出現以下情況，用戶愿意接受彈出窗口：
Users probably are not going to fall in love with your pop-ups even if done impeccably, but they might not abandon your site and curse your brand name.
即使做得無懈可擊，用戶可能也不會愛上您的彈出式窗口，但是他們可能不會放棄您的網站并詛咒您的品牌名稱。
Here is some advice fresh from the Justinmind design team:
這是來自Justinmind設計團隊的一些新建議：
Despite what ConversionXL claims, resist the temptation to be a smart-ass when it comes to copy, because no one likes belittling microcopy, really. Instead, positive calls to action and microcopy that genuinely add value to the user, not just to your brand, are important.
盡管ConversionXL聲稱有什么要求 ，但在進行復制時還是要抵制住它成為智能資產的誘惑，因為沒有人真正喜歡微縮顯微鏡。 取而代之的是，積極呼吁采取行動并采取微觀行動，真正為用戶增加價值，而不僅僅是為您的品牌增加價值。
- Track your pop-ups with cookies so you do not show the same users the same cookie repeatedly. Of course, you are assuming the same user will access your site with the same browser from the same device all the time. On a side-note, HubSpot should really do this: every time I go to their blog they ask me if I want to sign up for updates, something that I did months ago. 使用Cookie跟蹤彈出式窗口，這樣您就不會重復向同一用戶顯示相同的Cookie。 當然，您假設同一用戶將始終使用同一瀏覽器從同一設備訪問您的網站。 附帶說明一下，HubSpot應該真正做到這一點：每次我訪問他們的博客時，他們都會問我是否要注冊更新，這是我幾個月前所做的事情。
- Offer users valuable content and incentives, not junk. And do not just ask them for their contact details — that makes for creepy UX. How about user-friendly pop-ups which do not ask for jack, and instead send readers to a free resources page? A welcome interruption for many. 向用戶提供有價值的內容和獎勵，而不是垃圾。 而且，不僅要詢問他們的聯系方式，還需要提供令人毛骨悚然的UX。 不要求杰克而是將讀者發送到免費資源頁面的用戶友好彈出窗口怎么樣？ 許多人的歡迎中斷。
Think carefully about timing and position. SumoMe found that the best (ie most conversion friendly) time to introduce a pop-up was after a user had been on a site 5 seconds, but in terms of UX this is probably way mistaken. Why would a user want to engage with your brand or content if they have not even had time to evaluate it? Do not hold your users hostage to your conversion rates.
仔細考慮時間和位置。 SumoMe發現，引入彈出窗口的最佳時間(即最適合轉換的時間)是在用戶訪問網站5秒鐘之后出現的 ，但是就UX而言，這可能是錯誤的。 如果用戶甚至沒有時間評估您的品牌或內容，為什么還要與他們互動？ 不要讓您的用戶成為轉化率的人質。
If you are designing for mobile, follow UX Mag’s advice and place the ‘touch = targets’ where users can reach them based on usage scenarios (and thumb zone). Place the close tab in the lower right corner and do not ask users to scroll around the pop-up.
如果您是為移動設備設計的，請遵循UX Mag的建議并將“ touch = target”放置在位置，以便用戶可以根據使用情況 (和拇指區域)到達它們。 將關閉選項卡放在右下角，不要要求用戶在彈出窗口中滾動。
Most importantly, every time you design a pop-up, ask yourself the question “Do my users really need this interruption?” Most often they will not. Like one of our survey respondents said, “only use a hammer when you need a hammer.”
最重要的是，每次您設計彈出窗口時，都要問自己一個問題：“我的用戶真的需要這種打擾嗎？” 大多數時候他們 不會 。 就像我們的一位受訪者所說：“僅在需要錘子時才使用錘子。”
外賣 (The Take-Away)
Evaluating the user experience impact of modal pop-ups is, as seen, a complex business. While it may seem intuitive to assume that pop-ups automatically ruin the usability of a web or mobile app, the statistics shed light on a more a complex landscape in which users implicitly understand the importance of context.
如所看到的那樣，評估模式彈出窗口對用戶體驗的影響是一項復雜的業務。 假設彈出窗口會自動破壞Web或移動應用程序的可用性似乎很直觀，但統計數據卻揭示了一個更為復雜的格局，在這種格局下，用戶隱式理解了上下文的重要性 。
They are not going to throw their arms around you in gratitude for designing an interface with full-screen SIGN UP HERE pop-ups and patronizing microcopy, but then again they probably (probably!) will not abandon your site.
他們不會為設計具有全屏SIGN UP HERE彈出窗口和光顧顯微鏡的界面而大發雷霆，但是他們再次(可能！)可能不會放棄您的網站。
They will thank you, however, if you work in a pop-up that elucidates rather than obfuscates, that prioritizes their needs rather than your conversion desires. You may need to play the long-game, but judicious use of pop-ups and, as always, a focus on usability, will win users’ respect and ultimately, their loyalty.
但是，如果您在彈出式窗口中進行闡明而不是混淆處理，它們會優先考慮他們的需求，而不是您的轉換愿望，那么他們會感謝您。 您可能需要玩很長的游戲，但是明智地使用彈出窗口以及一如既往地注重可用性，將贏得用戶的尊重，并最終贏得他們的忠誠度。
想了解更多？ (Want to learn more?)
If you’d like to…
如果您想...
- learn all the details of Usability Testing 了解可用性測試的所有詳細信息
- get easy-to-use templates 獲得易于使用的模板
- learn how to properly quantify the usability of a system/service/product/app/etc 了解如何正確量化系統/服務/產品/應用/等的可用性
- learn how to communicate the result to your management 了解如何將結果傳達給您的管理層
… then consider to take the online course Conducting Usability Testing.
…然后考慮參加在線課程“ 進行可用性測試” 。
If, on the other hand, you want to brush up on the basics of UX and Usability, then consider to take the online course on User Experience. Good luck on your learning journey!
另一方面，如果您想了解UX和可用性的基礎知識，請考慮參加“ 用戶體驗 ” 在線課程 。 祝您學習愉快！
(Lead image: Depositphotos)
(領導形象： Depositphotos )
Originally published at UsabilityGeek by Cassandra Naji, who is Marketing Content Editor at Justinmind, a prototyping tool that allows you to prototype web and mobile apps so you can visualize and test your software solution before writing a single line of code.
最初由Justinmind的市場營銷內容編輯器Cassandra Naji在UsabilityGeek上發布， Justinmind是一種原型設計工具，使您可以原型化Web和移動應用程序，以便在編寫一行代碼之前就可以可視化和測試您的軟件解決方案。
翻譯自: https://medium.com/usabilitygeek/pop-ups-vs-usability-conversions-and-bounce-rates-22bf34658b93
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