虛擬語氣主要指的的是帶有非真實條件狀語從句的復合句，表達的是說話人的遺憾后悔的語氣，愿望以及建議，命令，要求等等的情感，往往說的是與事實相反或者沒辦法實現改變的東西。虛擬語氣主要表現為在對過去現在或者將來的情況做出假設后，有可能出現的情況。

虛擬語氣的內容主要有三大模塊

虛擬條件句

第一模塊就是涉及到條件從句部分的內容。這一部分的虛擬語氣主要體現在三個方面：基本用法，各自為政，以及含蓄之美。

下表就是條件從句虛擬語氣的基本用法：

通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真實條件句的虛擬語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動詞時間是一致的，如果兩者時間不一致，此時就是混合型虛擬語氣?；旌闲吞摂M語氣的使用要求“各自為政”，即從句和主句根據各自假設的時間不同，采用上面表格中對應的的謂語動詞形式。

如何“各自為政”呢？這就像是數學里的排列組合，一邊有三種情況，交叉一搭配就出現了好多種情況。不管怎樣，我們要遵循一個原則，就是“各自為政”。例如，從句是對過去情況的假設，而主句則是對現在情況的假設，那我們在使用時，從句就用過去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。當然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有時候在具體語境下，會出現矛盾的情況，這時我們就要結合要表達的意思來判斷他們是對什么情況的假設，選擇合適的形式。一般而言，主句的假設時間會發生在從句的假設時間之后。因為是有這么一個條件才會出現主句的現狀。因此在此類的完成句子練習中，我們要特別提醒注意時間狀語的暗示

1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現在的假設)

2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現在的假設)

3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (從句和主句都是現在的假設)

4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現在的假設)

5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 從句是對過去的假設，主句是對將來的假設)

6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (從句是對過去的假設，主句是對現在的假設)

7. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (從句是對現在的假設，主句是對將來的假設)

虛擬語氣在if引導的條件狀語從句中，特別注意虛擬語氣與倒裝的結合，前提是省略if，這種情況多見于過去和將來的假設，具體表現是將if省略，把had, were, should之類詞語提前構成倒裝。例如：

Were I you, I would go.

Should it happen, what should you do?

Had he recognised me, he would have come over.

虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。因為有時假設的情況并不是以if引導的條件從句形式出現，而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在，常用的詞語有without, but for, otherwise, or等等，此時我們可以從意思上推斷出虛擬語氣的時間(考試時多數情況是對過去的假設)。

But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. (過去)

Without water, all lives would die. (現在)

He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. (過去)

I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. (過去)

2.should+do的用法

虛擬語氣的第二模塊就是含有should +do的用法，這一部分主要是有關建議和命令的相關從句，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關的形式主語賓語之類的從句。

這一部分的詞主要有常見的動詞有advise, suggest, insist, order, require, recommend, command以及相關名詞等等。記憶口訣：一個堅持(insist)，兩個命令(order, command)，三個建議(suggest, advise, recommend)，四個要求(ask, require, demand, request)。

1. 賓語從句的虛擬語氣

He insisted that the meeting be put off.

He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.

2. 表語從句的虛擬語氣

My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.

3. 同位語從句的虛擬語氣

There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.

4. 主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現在It做形式主語的三種情況：

It’s +p.p +that ；

It’s + adj. +that；

It’s + n. +that

常用的動詞:recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command

常用的形容詞:important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential

常用的名詞:duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret

其實這些詞在句子中其實也有建議命令類似的的意思

It’s important that you should take the medicine.

It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.

It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.

It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.

It was suggested that he should join the club activities.

5. It為形式賓語的情況實際上是上面形式主語的一種變形，是以it為形式賓語的復合賓語從句，it后面的賓語補足語多為形容詞或名詞，常見詞就是上面形式主語后面的那些詞。

I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.

6. 某些詞語如suggest, insist 等有雙重含義，所以在使用的時候要注意什么時候用虛擬語氣，什么時候不用虛擬語氣。

Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.

We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.

3.特殊句式

虛擬語氣的第三大模塊指的是虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運用。句這些句式使用的虛擬語氣與上面的虛擬語氣會有所不同：

would rather在使用時要注意它的不同用法。因為本身would rather可以直接接動詞原形，構成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虛擬語氣的would rather 是這樣使用的would rather sb. did(對現在或將來的假設)/ had done(對過去的假設)

I would rather he didn’t go now.

They would rather they hadn’t attended the party.

It’s (about) (high) time (that)…從句中常用過去式(有時也用should do), 含建議的意思。漢語的意思為“是該做…的時候了”，也等于It’s time for sb. to do sth.

It’s high time (that) we went home.

It’s high time that we (should) go home.

for fear that 后面可以接虛擬語氣should do，也可以接其他語氣，但依然會有一個情態動詞。

I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.

wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only這三種情況的虛擬語氣有點相似。

wish后的賓語從句，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式主要有三種wish sb. did(對現在的虛擬); wish sb. had done(對過去的虛擬); wish sb. would do (對將來的虛擬).偶爾在對過去的虛擬時，也會出現wish sb. would have done的情況。

I wish I knew what was going to happen.

She wished she had stayed at home.

I wish I would have seen her last night.

★此時要注意表示語氣很強時用How sb. wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用was依然換成were. 例如：How I wish I were a bird.

as if/ though出現的虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況：主句+as if/ though引導的狀語從句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引導的表語從句。

主句+as if/ though引導的狀語從句：主句+as if/ though+主語+did/ were(對現在的假設)；主句+as if/ though+主語+could/ would do(對將來的假設)；主句+as if/ though+主語+had done(對過去的假設)

seem/ look/ smell等的從句情況基本上和上面一致。例如：

She talks as if she knew everything.

注意不需要用虛擬語氣的情況

If only引起的感嘆句要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。形式為：用過去式或者would/ could do, 表示與現在或未來事實相反的愿望；用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反的愿望。

If only he were here!

If only you would listen to our advise!

If only I had not been busy last week!

★If only 也可以用于虛擬條件從句中，如：

If only I had more money, I could buy a car!

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