文章目錄

• 背景介紹
• • easyexcel 表頭及數(shù)據(jù)
  • • 表頭
    • • 簡(jiǎn)單
      • 合并
  • web項(xiàng)目導(dǎo)出方式
• 實(shí)踐出真知
• • 簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)態(tài)表頭案例
  • 遇到的問(wèn)題
  • • 前端聯(lián)調(diào)時(shí)excel無(wú)法打開(kāi)
    • 下載文件接口有時(shí)返回文件流有時(shí)返回json的情況

??導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)是后端經(jīng)典模塊之一，從原有的poi到現(xiàn)在的easyexcel等等都在努力的幫助開(kāi)發(fā)們縮小數(shù)據(jù)與excel之間的鴻溝。但是在簡(jiǎn)單的導(dǎo)出也會(huì)遇到一些有的沒(méi)的問(wèn)題，特地寫(xiě)個(gè)文章記錄下~

背景介紹

一般導(dǎo)出流程圖如下：

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}組裝數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出

組裝數(shù)據(jù)： 包括excel中表頭、數(shù)據(jù)及樣式
導(dǎo)出： 文件流

easyexcel 表頭及數(shù)據(jù)

官方文檔總結(jié)的都是經(jīng)典~

表頭： 分為固定表頭和動(dòng)態(tài)表頭，然后再可以繼續(xù)劃分簡(jiǎn)單版本和復(fù)雜版本，其中復(fù)雜版本類(lèi)似有三四級(jí)表頭（以前寫(xiě)poi硬編碼寫(xiě)到爆炸=_=||）~ 示例如下（圖片來(lái)源）：

數(shù)據(jù)： 隨表頭變更

表頭

簡(jiǎn)單

固定表頭，可聲明一個(gè)實(shí)體類(lèi)進(jìn)行定義，如下：

@Data public class TitleData {@ExcelProperty("字符串標(biāo)題")private String string;@ExcelProperty("日期標(biāo)題")private Date date;@ExcelProperty("數(shù)字標(biāo)題")private Double doubleData; }

動(dòng)態(tài)表頭，只能自己手動(dòng)寫(xiě)代碼進(jìn)行定義，如下：

// 外層數(shù)組，一個(gè)值代表一列 List<List<String>> headList = new ArrayList<List<String>>(); List<String> head0 = new ArrayList<String>(); head0.add("字符串標(biāo)題"); headList.add(head0);List<String> head1 = new ArrayList<String>(); head1.add("日期標(biāo)題"); headList.add(head1);List<String> head2 = new ArrayList<String>(); head2.add("數(shù)字標(biāo)題"); headList.add(head2);

合并

@Data public class ComplexHeadData {@ExcelProperty({"主標(biāo)題", "字符串標(biāo)題"})private String string;@ExcelProperty({"主標(biāo)題", "日期標(biāo)題"})private Date date;@ExcelProperty({"主標(biāo)題", "數(shù)字標(biāo)題"})private Double doubleData; }

web項(xiàng)目導(dǎo)出方式

web項(xiàng)目一般有兩種導(dǎo)出方式：

• 提供下載鏈接（異步）：先生成excel并上傳至oss/文件服務(wù)器，返回文件鏈接給前端，由前端自行下載
• 文件流（同步）：生成excel并塞入response流中

本文主要關(guān)注文件流方式，示例代碼如下：

// 這里注意 有同學(xué)反應(yīng)使用swagger 會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)直接用瀏覽器或者用postman response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); // 這里URLEncoder.encode可以防止中文亂碼 當(dāng)然和easyexcel沒(méi)有關(guān)系 String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("測(cè)試", "UTF-8"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName + ".xlsx"); EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), DownloadData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());

實(shí)踐出真知

簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)態(tài)表頭案例

本案例比較簡(jiǎn)單，根據(jù)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)time來(lái)動(dòng)態(tài)定義表頭和創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)，并以文件流方式返回給前端。 效果如下：

pom中添加依賴(lài)：

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>2.2.7</version> </dependency>

業(yè)務(wù)邏輯代碼如下：

@RestController public class ResultController {@PostMapping(value = "/export")public void export(@RequestParam Integer time) {try {HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getResponse();response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=export.xlsx");// 響應(yīng)類(lèi)型,編碼response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf-8");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream()).head(getHead(time)).sheet("數(shù)據(jù)").doWrite(getData(time));} catch (IOException e) {log.error("導(dǎo)出問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù)失敗！錯(cuò)誤信息為：{}", e.getMessage());e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 獲取excel標(biāo)題欄（姓名、手機(jī)號(hào)、提交時(shí)間）* @param questionnaireId* @return*/private List<List<String>> getHead(Integer time) {// 外層數(shù)組，一個(gè)值代表一列List<List<String>> headList = new ArrayList<List<String>>();List<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>();nameList.add("姓名");headList.add(nameList);List<String> telList = new ArrayList<String>();telList.add("手機(jī)號(hào)");headList.add(telList);List<String> submitDTList = new ArrayList<String>();submitDTList.add("提交時(shí)間");headList.add(submitDTList);for (int i = 0 ; i < time ; i ++ ) {List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();list.add("動(dòng)態(tài)標(biāo)題" + i);headList.add(list);}return headList;}/*** 獲取excel表格數(shù)據(jù)* @return*/private List<List<Object>> getData(Integer time) {// 將填寫(xiě)結(jié)果 + 提交時(shí)間合并為一行數(shù)據(jù)List<List<Object>> resultList = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();for (int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i ++ ) {List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();list.add("花卷" + i);list.add("1347000000" + i);list.add("2022-01-18 14:54:00");for (int j = 0 ; j < time ; j ++ ) {list.add("動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容" + j);}resultList.add(list);}return resultList;}}

遇到的問(wèn)題

前端聯(lián)調(diào)時(shí)excel無(wú)法打開(kāi)

問(wèn)題描述： 后臺(tái)用postman調(diào)試都o(jì)k，能正常打開(kāi)excel！但是前端調(diào)試時(shí)下載的excel提示有破損，無(wú)法打開(kāi)！！！
Tips： 勇敢（不怕死）的質(zhì)疑前端，你代碼有BUG！
解決方案： 前端需在request和response中添加responseType: blob設(shè)置

（以下偽代碼，請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注responseType設(shè)置即可）

前端request應(yīng)該設(shè)置responseType為arraybuffer或blob

return request({ url: '/platform/export', method: 'post', responseType: 'blob', headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' }, data: qs.stringify(data)})

前端以blob格式接收response，并設(shè)置type為application/msexcel

handleExport(){exportData({id: this.id}).then(res => {if(res){const fileName = this.name + '.xlsx';var blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/msexcel;charset=utf-8",});const URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL;const downloadElement = document.createElement("a");const href = URL.createObjectURL(blob); // 創(chuàng)建下載的鏈接downloadElement.href = href;downloadElement.download = fileName; // 下載后文件名document.body.appendChild(downloadElement);downloadElement.click(); // 點(diǎn)擊下載document.body.removeChild(downloadElement); // 下載完成移除元素URL.revokeObjectURL(href); // 釋放掉blob對(duì)象}}) },

下載文件接口有時(shí)返回文件流有時(shí)返回json的情況

測(cè)試小姐姐提了個(gè)單，token超時(shí)后，點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕還是能正常導(dǎo)出，excel內(nèi)容是后端認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)返回的錯(cuò)誤碼json串 =_=|| ，網(wǎng)上查找一番也找大佬們討論了下，對(duì)于將文件流封裝成系統(tǒng)設(shè)定的統(tǒng)一返回json方式不可取，最后抱著前端小姐姐的細(xì)腿求解決嘍
解決方法：前端獲取response后根據(jù) content-type進(jìn)行區(qū)分
網(wǎng)上參考文檔

未完待續(xù)......

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