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WPF中打印问题的探讨[转]

發布時間：2023/12/10 asp.net 21 豆豆

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轉自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_624dc0120100ld6m.html

????最近在做一個WPF方面的項目，在打印功能實現上費了很大勁。因為我原來是在做Winform方面的項目，接受WPF時感覺還很相似，可仔細往里做下去卻發現兩者外看相似，實則差異很大，打印就是其中很大的差距。Winform有對應的對話框圍繞打印核心類PrintDocument進行操作，而WPF里則是在PrintDialog里進行擴展。WPF簡單的打印很簡單，幾行代碼就夠，可要實現較大功能時就需要很多的擴展，如分頁打印及對打印允許客戶有較大的設置自由度時，就很麻煩了。我以我這次的功能實現與大家進行探討。

????常見的打印方式有以下三中：

????第一種：對單一控件內容的打印。

????private void billtitle_btn_PrintClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
????????{

????????????PrintDialog printDialog = new PrintDialog();
????????????if (printDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
????????????{
????????????????printDialog.PrintVisual(Mainwindow, "123");
????????????}
????????}

?????其中Mainwindow是控件名，也可以是ListView等控件，只要把名稱傳入即可。很簡單，不過不實用，因為這種方法沒用自由度，是按系統默認進行打印且只能打印在一頁上，數據多了就不行。

?????第二種：根據PrintDialog進行功能擴展，就可以對打印功能在一定程度上擴展。??

/// <summary>
/// 打印類
/// </summary>
public class PrintService
{
????public PrintService()
???{
??????//創建一個PrintDialog的實例
??????PrintDialog dlg = new PrintDialog();

??????//創建一個PrintDocument的實例
??????PrintDocument?docToPrint?= new PrintDocument();

??????//將事件處理函數添加到PrintDocument的PrintPage事件中
??????docToPrint.PrintPage += new System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventHandler?????????????????(docToPrint_PrintPage);

??????//把PrintDialog的Document屬性設為上面配置好的PrintDocument的實例
??????dlg.Document = docToPrint;

??????//根據用戶的選擇，開始打印
??????if (dlg.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK)
?????{
????????docToPrint.Print();//開始打印
??????}
???}

???//設置打印機開始打印的事件處理函數
???private void docToPrint_PrintPage(object sender, System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs e)
??{
????????e.Graphics.DrawString("Hello, world!", new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 16,??System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular), System.Drawing.Brushes.Black, 100, 100);
????}
}

????在這就可以看出Winform與WPF打印的不同了，在WPF在PrintDocument是一個打印方法。WPF有兩種打印途徑，一種是第一種方法中的PrintVisual,另一種就是PrintDocument。

????第三種：具體步驟如下：

　　1．PrintDialog

　　This sample illustrates how to create an instance of a simple PrintDialog and then display it. The sample uses both Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) and procedural code.

　　這個示例演示了如何進行一個最簡單的打印工作，為此需要引入兩個dll：ReachFramework.dll和System.Printing。

　 InvokePrint方法只是顯示了一個PrintDialog打印框，并未進行打印工作：

　 PrintDialog pDialog = new PrintDialog();
???pDialog.PageRangeSelection = PageRangeSelection.AllPages;
???pDialog.UserPageRangeEnabled = true;
???pDialog.ShowDialog();

　有 PrintableAreaHeight和PrintableAreaWidth兩個屬性，分別用來表示可打印區域的高和寬。

　而對 PrintDialog的設置，可以保存在PrintTicket中，下次再打開PrintDialog，就不必重復進行設置了。

　 PrintDialog pDialog = new PrintDialog();
???PrintTicket pt = pDialog.PrintTicket;　　

　同樣，選擇使用哪一臺打印機的設置，存放在PrintQueue中，下次再打開PrintDialog，也不用再次設置了。

　　PrintDialog pDialog = new PrintDialog();
????PrintQueue pq = pDialog.PrintQueue;　　　

　如果要把特定的內容打印輸出，則需要調用PrintDialog的PrintVisual方法：

　　if ((bool)pDialog.ShowDialog().GetValueOrDefault())
???{
????????DrawingVisual vis = new DrawingVisual();
????????DrawingContext dc = vis.RenderOpen();
????????dc.DrawLine(new Pen(), new Point(0, 0), new Point(0, 1));
????????dc.Close();
????????pDialog.PrintVisual(vis, "Hello, world!");
?????}

　　我們能打印的，都是Visual類型的對象，其中UIElement派生于 Visual，從而我們可以打印所有Panel、控件和其它元素，最一般的方法是使用派生于Visual的DrawingVisual類，利用它的 RenderOpen方法生成DrawingContext對象，為其繪制圖形，最后使用PrintDialog的PrintVisual方法，輸出圖形和文字。

　　注意到，pDialog.ShowDialog()返回的是可空類型?bool，為此需要使用 GetValueOrDefault將其轉為bool值，對于null值也會轉為false。

　　 2．EnumerateSubsetOfPrintQueues

　　 EnumerateSubsetOfPrintQueues shows how to use the EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes enumeration to get a subset of available print queues.

　　這個程序演示了如何得到本地和共享的所有打印機列表。為此，需要使用到EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes枚舉中的Local和Shared兩個值，組合成一個數組，

　　 EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes[] enumerationFlags =

??????????????????????{EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes.Local,EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes.Shared};

　　作為參數傳遞到查詢方法GetPrintQueues中：

　　LocalPrintServer printServer = new LocalPrintServer();
????PrintQueueCollection printQueuesOnLocalServer?= printServer.GetPrintQueues(enumerationFlags);

　　接著就可以對PrintQueueCollection進行遍歷了，獲取每一個的PrintQueue名稱和所在位置：

　 foreach (PrintQueue printer in printQueuesOnLocalServer)
???{
?????????Console.WriteLine(""tThe shared printer " + printer.Name + " is located at " + printer.Location + ""n");
???}

???下面就看我的方法了，先創建一個打印用的類：DataPaginator，它繼承了Document虛基類，并進行擴展，從而為我們的功能實現做鋪墊。

??public class DataPaginator : DocumentPaginator
????{
????????#region??屬性及字段
????????private DataTable dataTable;
????????private Typeface typeFace;
????????private double fontSize;
????????private double margin;
????????private int rowsPerPage;
????????private int pageCount;
????????private Size pageSize;

????????public override Size PageSize
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return pageSize;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????pageSize = value;
????????????????PaginateData();
????????????}
????????}
????????public override bool IsPageCountValid
????????{
????????????get { return true; }
????????}
????????public override int PageCount
????????{
????????????get { return pageCount; }
????????}
????????public override IDocumentPaginatorSource?Source
????????{
????????????get { return null; }
????????}
????????#endregion

????????#region??構造函數相關方法
????????//構造函數
????????public DataPaginator(DataTable dt, Typeface typeface, int fontsize, double margin, Size pagesize)
????????{
????????????this.dataTable = dt;
????????????this.typeFace = typeface;
????????????this.fontSize = fontsize;
????????????this.margin = margin;
????????????this.pageSize = pagesize;
????????????PaginateData();
????????}
????????/// <summary>
????????/// 計算頁數pageCount
????????/// </summary>
????????private void PaginateData()
????????{
????????????//字符大小度量標準
????????????FormattedText ft = GetFormattedText("A");??//取"A"的大小計算行高等；
????????????//計算行數
????????????rowsPerPage = (int)((pageSize.Height - margin * 2) / ft.Height);
????????????//預留標題行
????????????rowsPerPage = rowsPerPage - 1;
????????????pageCount = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)dataTable.Rows.Count / rowsPerPage);
????????}
????????/// <summary>
????????/// 格式化字符
????????/// </summary>
????????private FormattedText GetFormattedText(string text)
????????{
????????????return GetFormattedText(text, typeFace);
????????}
????????/// <summary>
????????/// 按指定樣式格式化字符
????????/// </summary>
????????private FormattedText GetFormattedText(string text, Typeface typeFace)
????????{
????????????return new FormattedText(text, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, FlowDirection.LeftToRight, typeFace, fontSize, Brushes.Black);
????????}
????????/// <summary>
????????/// 獲取對應頁面數據并進行相應的打印設置
????????/// </summary>
????????public override DocumentPage GetPage(int pageNumber)
????????{
????????????//設置列寬
????????????FormattedText ft = GetFormattedText("A");
????????????List<double> columns = new List<double>();
????????????int rowCount = dataTable.Rows.Count;
????????????int colCount = dataTable.Columns.Count;
????????????double columnWith = margin;
????????????columns.Add(columnWith);
????????????for (int i = 1; i < colCount; i++)
????????????{
????????????????columnWith += ft.Width * 15;
????????????????columns.Add(columnWith);
????????????}
????????????//獲取頁面對應行數
????????????int minRow = pageNumber * rowsPerPage;
????????????int maxRow = minRow + rowsPerPage;
????????????//繪制打印內容
????????????DrawingVisual visual = new DrawingVisual();
????????????Point point = new Point(margin, margin);
????????????using (DrawingContext dc = visual.RenderOpen())
????????????{
????????????????Typeface columnHeaderTypeface = new Typeface(typeFace.FontFamily, FontStyles.Normal, FontWeights.Bold, FontStretches.Normal);
????????????????//獲取表頭
????????????????for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++)
????????????????{
????????????????????point.X = columns[i];
????????????????????ft = GetFormattedText(dataTable.Columns[i].Caption, columnHeaderTypeface);
????????????????????dc.DrawText(ft, point);
????????????????}
????????????????dc.DrawLine(new Pen(Brushes.Black,3), new Point(margin, margin + ft.Height), new Point(pageSize.Width - margin, margin + ft.Height));
????????????????point.Y += ft.Height;
????????????????//獲取表數據
????????????????for (int i = minRow; i < maxRow; i++)
????????????????{
????????????????????if (i > (rowCount - 1)) break;
????????????????????for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++)
????????????????????{
????????????????????????point.X = columns[j];
????????????????????????string colName = dataTable.Columns[j].ColumnName;
????????????????????????ft = GetFormattedText(dataTable.Rows[i][colName].ToString());
????????????????????????dc.DrawText(ft, point);
????????????????????}
????????????????????point.Y += ft.Height;
????????????????}
????????????}
????????????return new DocumentPage(visual);
????????}
????????#endregion
????}

????又構造函數可知，我們需傳入一個DataTable，這樣可打印的內容、樣式等就寬泛多了。DataTable可直接獲取，也可自己根據需要構建，我在項目時是根據顯示的數據構建一個DataTable。代碼如下：

????/// <summary>
????????/// 獲取要打印的數據
????????/// </summary>
????????private DataTable GetDataTable()
????????{
????????????DataTable table = new DataTable("Data Table");???????????
????????????// Declare variables for DataColumn and DataRow objects.
????????????DataColumn column;
????????????DataRow row;

????????????// Create new DataColumn, set DataType,
????????????// ColumnName and add to DataTable.???
????????????column = new DataColumn();
????????????column.DataType =Type.GetType("System.Int32");
????????????column.ColumnName = "id";
????????????column.Caption = "編號";
????????????column.ReadOnly = true;
????????????column.Unique = true;
????????????// Add the Column to the DataColumnCollection.
????????????table.Columns.Add(column);

????????????// Create second column.
????????????column = new DataColumn();
????????????column.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String");
????????????column.ColumnName = "Name";
????????????column.AutoIncrement = false;
????????????column.Caption = "姓名";
????????????column.ReadOnly = false;
????????????column.Unique = false;
????????????// Add the column to the table.
????????????table.Columns.Add(column);

????????????//Create third column
????????????column = new DataColumn();
????????????column.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String");
????????????column.ColumnName = "Age";
????????????column.AutoIncrement = false;
????????????column.Caption = "年齡";
????????????column.ReadOnly = false;
????????????column.Unique = false;
????????????// Add the column to the table.
????????????table.Columns.Add(column);

????????????//Create forth column
????????????column = new DataColumn();
????????????column.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String");
????????????column.ColumnName = "Pay";
????????????column.AutoIncrement = false;
????????????column.Caption = "工資";
????????????column.ReadOnly = false;
????????????column.Unique = false;
????????????// Add the column to the table.
????????????table.Columns.Add(column);
????????????// Make the ID column the primary key column.
????????????DataColumn[] PrimaryKeyColumns = new DataColumn[1];
????????????PrimaryKeyColumns[0] = table.Columns["id"];
????????????table.PrimaryKey = PrimaryKeyColumns;

????????????// Instantiate the DataSet variable.
????????????//dataSet = new DataSet();
????????????// Add the new DataTable to the DataSet.
????????????//dataSet.Tables.Add(table);

????????????// Create three new DataRow objects and add
????????????// them to the DataTable
????????????for (int i = 0; i <= 60; i++)
????????????{
????????????????row = table.NewRow();??????????????
????????????????row["id"] = i+1;
????????????????row["Name"] = "zhangsan " + (i+1).ToString();
????????????????row["Age"] = 20 + i;
????????????????row["Pay"] = 50 * (i + 1);
????????????????table.Rows.Add(row);
????????????}
????????????return table;
????????}

??????由此就可以開始打印了：

????private void BT_MultiPrint_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
????????{
????????????PrintDialog printDialog = new PrintDialog();
????????????if (printDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
????????????{
????????????????DataTable dt = GetDataTable();
????????????????try
????????????????{
????????????????????DataPaginator dp = new DataPaginator(dt, new Typeface("SimSun"), 16, 96 * 0.75, new Size(printDialog.PrintableAreaWidth, printDialog.PrintableAreaHeight));
????????????????????printDialog.PrintDocument(dp, "Test Page");?????????????
????????????????}
????????????????catch
????????????????{
????????????????????MessageBox.Show("無法打印！");
????????????????}???????????????
????????????}????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????}

?????試用后效果還不錯。Winform里的打印功能比這強大的多，可以將其使用的控件擴展為WPF里的控件，或進行別的處理。在這就不論述，有興趣的可以自己去試試。

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/weivyuan/archive/2013/01/08/2851411.html

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