轉:http://www.360doc.com/content/11/1230/15/7489308_176090474.shtml

oracle維護常用SQL語句(查看系統表和視圖)
1.查看表空間的名稱及大小
??? select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
　　from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
　　where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
　　group by t.tablespace_name
2.查看表空間物理文件的名稱及大小
??? select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0)
??? total_space
??? from dba_data_files
??? order by tablespace_name;
3.查看回滾段名稱及大小
??? select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
　　(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
　　max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
　　From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
　　Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
　　order by segment_name ;

4.查看控制文件
?? select name from v$controlfile;
5.查看日志文件
?? select member from v$logfile;
6.查看表空間的使用情況
?? select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
?? from dba_free_space
?? group by tablespace_name;

?? SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
　　(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
　　FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
　　WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
　　
7.查看數據庫庫對象
??? select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count#
??? from all_objects
??? group by owner, object_type, status;

8.查看數據庫的版本
??? Select version FROM Product_component_version
　　Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

9.查看數據庫的創建日期和歸檔方式
??? Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

10.捕捉運行很久的SQL
??? column username format a12
　　column opname format a16
　　column progress format a8
　　select username,sid,opname,
　　round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
　　time_remaining,sql_text
　　from v$session_longops , v$sql
　　where time_remaining <> 0
　　and sql_address = address
　　and sql_hash_value = hash_value
　　/
　　
11.查看數據表的參數信息
??? SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
　　pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
　　next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
　　freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
　　empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
　　last_analyzed
　　FROM dba_tab_partitions
　　--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
　　ORDER BY partition_position
12.查看還沒有提交的事務
??? select * from v$locked_object;
　　select * from v$transaction;

13.查找object為那些進程所用
??? 　　select
　　p.spid,
　　s.sid,
　　s.serial# serial_num,
　　s.username user_name,
　　a.type object_type,
　　s.osuser os_user_name,
　　a.owner,
　　a.object object_name,
　　decode(sign(48 - command),
　　1,
　　to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
　　p.program oracle_process,
　　s.terminal terminal,
　　s.program program,
　　s.status session_status
　　from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
　　where s.paddr = p.addr and
　　s.type = 'USER' and
　　a.sid = s.sid and
　　a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
　　order by s.username, s.osuser
14.回滾段查看
??? select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
　　Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
　　v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
　　sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
　　v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
　　v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15.耗資源的進程
??? select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
　　to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status
　　session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
　　nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
　　s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
　　where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'
　　or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16.查看鎖（lock）情況

　　select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
　　decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
　　'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,
　　o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
　　'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
　　lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
　　from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
　　l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
　　v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
　　<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name

17.查看等待（wait）情況
　　SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
　　FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
　　'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count

18.查看sga情況
　　SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

19.查看catched object
　　SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
　　type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
　　locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache

20.查看V$SQLAREA
　　SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
　　VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
　　USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
　　BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA

21.查看object分類數量

　　select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
　　'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
　　sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
　　, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
　　'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from

22.按用戶查看object種類
　　select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
　　sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
　　clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
　　NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
　　sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
　　others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
　　o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by
　　sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$

23.有關connection的相關信息

　　1）查看有哪些用戶連接

　　select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
　　'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
　　status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
　　s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,
　　0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
　　from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'
　　order by s.username, s.osuser

　　2）根據v.sid查看對應連接的資源占用等情況
　　select n.name,
　　v.value,
　　n.class,
　　n.statistic#
　　from v$statname n,
　　v$sesstat v
　　where v.sid = 71 and
　　v.statistic# = n.statistic#
　　order by n.class, n.statistic#

　　3）根據sid查看對應連接正在運行的sql
　　select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
　　command_type,
　　sql_text,
　　sharable_mem,
　　persistent_mem,
　　runtime_mem,
　? sorts,
　　version_count,
　　loaded_versions,
　　open_versions,
　　users_opening,
　　executions,
　　users_executing,
　　loads,
　　first_load_time,
　　invalidations,
　　parse_calls,
　　disk_reads,
　　buffer_gets,
　　rows_processed,
　　sysdate start_time,
　　sysdate finish_time,
　　'>' || address sql_address,
　　'N' status
　　from v$sqlarea
　　where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)

24．查詢表空間使用情況
　　select a.tablespace_name "表空間名稱",
　　100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
　　round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
　　round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空閑(M)",
　　round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
　　Largest "最大擴展段(M)",
　　to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采樣時間"
　　from (select f.tablespace_name,
　　sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
　　sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
　　from dba_data_files f
　　group by tablespace_name) a,
　　(select f.tablespace_name,
　　sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
　　from dba_free_space f
　　group by tablespace_name) b,
　　(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
　　ts.name tablespace_name
　　from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
　　where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
　　group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
　　where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name

25. 查詢表空間的碎片程度
　　select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
　　having count(tablespace_name)>10;
　　alter tablespace name coalesce;
　　alter table name deallocate unused;
　　create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
　　select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
　　union all
　　select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
　　select * from ts_blocks_v;
　　select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
　　group by tablespace_name;

26.查詢有哪些數據庫實例在運行
?　select inst_name from v$active_instances;

?

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jackljf/archive/2012/12/12/3589265.html

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