Linux 查看系統硬件信息(實例詳解)

linux查看系統的硬件信息，并不像windows那么直觀，這里我羅列了查看系統信息的實用命令，并做了分類，實例解說。

cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的統計信息.

blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu Architecture: i686 #cpu架構 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序 CPU(s): 4 #總共有4核 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 #每個cpu核，只能支持一個線程，即不支持超線程 Core(s) per socket: 4 #每個cpu，有4個核 Socket(s): 1 #總共有1一個cpu Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu產商 intel CPU family: 6 Model: 42 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 1600.000 BogoMIPS: 5986.12 Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虛擬化技術 L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K

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查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個cpu信息，如每個CPU的型號，主頻等。

#cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz .....

上面輸出的是第一個cpu部分信息，還有3個cpu信息省略了。

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內存

概要查看內存情況

free -mtotal used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404 -/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691 Swap: 9536 31 9505

這里的單位是MB，總共的內存是3926MB。

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查看內存詳細使用

# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4020868 kB MemFree: 230884 kB Buffers: 7600 kB Cached: 454772 kB SwapCached: 836 kB .....

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查看內存硬件信息

dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory ArrayLocation: System Board Or Motherboard ....Maximum Capacity: 32 GB ....Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes .... Memory DeviceArray Handle: 0x0008Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 64 bitsData Width: 64 bitsSize: 4096 MB .....

我的主板有4個槽位，只用了一個槽位，上面插了一條4096MB的內存。

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磁盤

查看硬盤和分區分布

# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part / ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home └─sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part

顯示很直觀

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如果要看硬盤和分區的詳細信息

# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00023728Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux /dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux /dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux

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網卡

查看網卡硬件信息

# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)

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查看系統的所有網絡接口

# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:以太網 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f .....lo Link encap:本地環回 .....

或者是

ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

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如果要查看某個網絡接口的詳細信息，例如eth0的詳細參數和指標

# ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0:Supported ports: [ TP MII ]Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工，全雙工模式Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自適應模式，一般都支持Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/FullAdvertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-onlyAdvertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默認使用自適應模式Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full .....Speed: 100Mb/s #現在網卡的速度是100Mb,網卡使用自適應模式，所以推測路由是100Mb，導致網卡從支持千兆，變成要支持百兆Duplex: Full #全雙工 .....Link detected: yes #表示有網線連接，和路由是通的

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其他

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #顯卡 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #聲卡 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #網卡 03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)

如果要更詳細的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

如果要看設備樹:lscpi -t

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查看bios信息

# dmidecode -t bios ...... BIOS InformationVendor: American Megatrends Inc.Version: 4.6.5Release Date: 04/25/2012.......BIOS Revision: 4.6 ......

dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到當前的配置，也可以得到系統支持的最大配置，比如說支持的最大內存數等。

如果要查看所有有用信息

總結

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