硬件設計

（末尾附文件）

1．采用AT89C51單片機作為控制器，分別對溫度采集、LCD顯示。
2．溫度測量模塊采用K\熱電偶與MAX6775相結合可實現冷端溫度補償高分辨率測量
3．顯示用液晶顯示屏顯示實時溫度值。
4. 系統結構如圖2.4。

　硬件組成原理
本系統硬件主要由熱電偶溫度采集電路、MAX6675溫度處理電路、89C51單片機控制電路和LCD顯示電路，報警電路組成。
首先通過鍵盤設定溫度范圍，存儲在24C02C存儲器里，熱電偶采用分度號為K的熱電偶，為了減少外界信號的干擾通過雙絞線跟MAX6675芯片直接相連接。MAX6675芯片通過SPI串行接口傳輸數據，采用的89C51單片機對帶有冷端補償的溫度轉換芯片MAX6675進行控制。本系統設計還具有報警的特點，當所測量的溫度低于所設置的溫度下限或者高于所設置的溫度上限時報警電路發出警報。顯示電路由89C51單片機通過1602液晶顯示屏(LCD)進行顯示，顯示的是當前設置溫度的上限與下限，以及熱電偶測溫的溫度。

仿真圖1： LCD1602為顯示器，MAX1241為數據采集芯片； 可設置溫度上下限，超出范圍后蜂鳴器報警

仿真圖2 LCD1602為顯示器，MAX6775為數據采集芯片；可設置溫度上下限，超出范圍電機將被正反驅動且相應的LED會亮起

程序設計

#include<reg51.h> #include<intrins.h> //包含_nop_()函數定義的頭文件 #include<absacc.h> #define uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned int #define LCD1602_DW XBYTE[65023] #define LCD1602_CW XBYTE[64767] #define LCD1602_CR XBYTE[65279] sbit DOUT=P1^5; sbit SCLK=P1^6; sbit CS=P1^7; uint aaaa,aa,cc;//儲存A/D轉換后的值 uchar num; uint a,b,c; sbit p10=P1^0;//按鍵端口 sbit p11=P1^1;//按鍵端口 sbit p12=P1^2;//按鍵端口 sbit p30=P3^0;//蜂鳴器接口 uint code table1[]={ 0,3,6,9,10,15,18,21,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,56,59,62,65,68,71,74,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,112,115,118,121,124,127,130,134,137,140,143,146,149,153,156,159,162,165,169,172,175,178,181,185,188,191,194,198,201,204,207,211,214,217,220,224,227,230,233,237,240,243,246,250,253,256,260,263,266,270,273,276,280,283,286,290,293,296,300,303,306,310,313,316,320,323,326,330,333,336,340,343,346,350,353,356,360,363,366,370,373,376,380,383,387,390,393,397,400,403,407,410,413,417,420,424,427,430,434,437,440,444,447,451,454,457,461,464,467,471,474,477,481,484,487,491,494,497,501,504,508,511,514,518,521,524,528,531,534,538,541,544,548,551,554,558,561,564,567,571,574,577,581,584,587,591,594,597,600,604,607,610,614,617,620,624,627,630,633,637,640,643,646,650,653,656,659,663,666,669,673,676,679,682,686,689,692,695,699,702,705,708,711,715,718,721,724,728,731,734,737,741,744,747,750,754,757,760,763,766,770,773,776,779,783,786,789,792,796,799,802,805,809,812,815,818,821,825,828,831,834,838,841,844,847,851,854,857,860,864,867,870,873,877,880,883,886,890,893,896,899,903,906,909,913,916,919,922,926,929,932,935,939,942,945,949,952,955,958,962,965,968,972,975,978,981,985,988,991,995,998,1001,1005,1008,1011,1014,1018,1021,1024,1028,1031,1034,1038,1041,1044,1048,1051,1054,1058,1061,1064,1068,1071,1074,1078,1081,1084,1088,1091,1094,1098,1101,1104,1108,1111,1114,1118,1121,1124,1128,1131,1135,1138,1141,1145,1148,1151,1155,1158,1161,1165,1168,1171,1175,1178,1182,1185,1188,1192,1195,1198,1202,1205,1209,1212,1215,1219,1222,1225,1229,1232,1236,1239,1242,1246,1249,1252,1256,1259,1263,1266,1269,1273,1276,1279,1283,1286,1290,1293,1296,1300,1303,1307,1310,1313,1317,1320,1324,1327,1330,1334,1337,1341,1344,1347,1351,1354,1358,1361,1364,1368,1371,1375,1378,1381,1385,1388,1392,1395,1398,1402,1405,1409,1412,1415,1419,1422,1426,1429,1433,1436,1439,1443,1446,1450,1453,1456,1460,1463,1467,1470,1474,1477,1480,1484,1487,1491,1494,1497,1501,1504,1508,1511,1515,1518,1521,1525,1528,1532,1535,1539,1542,1545,1549,1552,1556,1559,1563,1566,1569,1573,1576,1580,1583,1587,1590,1594,1597,1600,1604,1607,1611,1614,1618,1621,1624,1628,1631,1635,1638,1642,1645,1649,1652,1655,1659,1662,1666,1669,1673,1676,1680,1683,1686,1690,1693,1697,1700,1704,1707,1711,1714,1717,1721,1724,1728,1731,1735,1738,1742,1745,1748,1752,1755,1759,1762,1766,1769,1773,1776,1779,1783,1786,1790,1793,1797,1800,1804,1807,1811,1814,1817,1821,1824,1828,1831,1835,1838,1842,1845,1849,1852,1855,1859,1862,1866,1869,1873,1876,1880,1883,1887,1890,1893,1897,1900,1904,1907,1911,1914,1918,1921,1925,1928,1931,1935,1938,1942,1945,1949,1952,1956,1959,1963,1966,1969,1973,1976,1980,1983,1987,1990,1994,1997,2001,2004,2007,2011,2014,2018,2021,2025,2028,2032,2035,2039,2042,2045,2049,2052,2056,2059,2063,2066,2070,2073,2076,2080,2083,2087,2090,2094,2097,2101,2104,2108,2111,2114,2118,2121,2125,2128,2132,2135,2139,2142,2145,2149,2152,2156,2159,2163,2166,2170,2173,2176,2180,2183,2187,2190,2194,2197,2201,2204,2207,2211,2214,2218,2221,2225,2228,2231,2235,2238,2242,2245,2249,2252,2256,2259,2262,2266,2269,2273,2276,2280,2283,2286,2290,2293,2297,2300,2304,2307,2310,2314,2317,2321,2324,2328,2331,2334,2338,2341,2345,2348,2352,2355,2358,2362,2365,2369,2372,2375,2379,2382,2386,2389,2393,2396,2399,2403,2406,2410,2413,2416,2420,2423,2427,2430,2434,2437,2440,2444,2447,2451,2454,2457,2461,2464,2468,2471,2474,2478,2481,2485,2488,2491,2495,2498,2502,2505,2508,2512,2515,2519,2522,2525,2529,2532,2536,2539,2542,2546,2549,2552,2556,2559,2563,2566,2569,2573,2576,2580,2583,2586,2590,2593,2596,2600,2603,2607,2610,2613,2617,2620,2623,2627,2630,2634,2637,2640,2644,2647,2650,2654,2657,2661,2664,2667,2671,2674,2677,2681,2684,2687,2691,2694,2698,2701,2704,2708,2711,2714,2718,2721,2724,2728,2731,2734,2738,2741,2744,2748,2751,2754,2758,2761,2765,2768,2771,2775,2778,2781,2785,2788,2791,2795,2798,2801,2805,2808,2811,2815,2818,2821,2825,2828,2831,2835,2838,2841,2844,2848,2851,2854,2858,2861,2864,2868,2871,2874,2878,2881,2884,2888,2891,2894,2898,2901,2904,2907,2911,2914,2917,2921,2924,2927,2931,2934,2937,2941,2944,2947,2950,2954,2957,2960,2964,2967,2970,2973,2977,2980,2983,2987,2990,2993,2997,3000,3003,3006,3010,3013,3016,3019,3023,3026,3029,3032,3036,3039,3042,3045,3049,3052,3055,3058,3061,3064,3067,3071,3074,3077,3080,3082,3085,3088,3091,3094,3096,3099,3102,3104,3106,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119,3121,3123,3125,3126,3128,3130,3131,3132,3134,3135,3136,3138,3139,3140,3141,3142,3143,3144,3145,3146,3147,3148,3149,3150}; uint code table2[]={ 52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909}; void delay1(uint z) {for(z=0;z<10;z++)_nop_(); } //判忙函數 void WHILE_BUSY() {while((bit)(LCD1602_CR&128));//讀回DB7的值，為DB7=1時則等待 。 } void LCD1602_init() { WHILE_BUSY();//判忙，不忙繼續寫指令LCD1602_CW=56;//寫指令，8位接口，雙行顯示，5*7字符WHILE_BUSY();//判忙，不忙繼續寫指令LCD1602_CW=1;//清屏WHILE_BUSY();//判忙，不忙繼續寫指令LCD1602_CW=6;//地址計數自動加一WHILE_BUSY();//判忙，不忙繼續寫指令LCD1602_CW=12;//開顯示 } uint read_max1241() {uint voltage=0; //存放12位數字量uchar cont12=12; //12位CS=1;SCLK=0;CS=0;while(DOUT==0); //轉換結束SCLK=1;SCLK=0;while(cont12--){SCLK=1; //SCLK上升沿數據穩定并讀出voltage<<=1; if(DOUT==1)voltage+=1;SCLK=0;} CS=1;return voltage; }

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文件地址

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1g35SOgoVfOdbluOuerBwNg
提取碼：z5q5

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