Linux监控工具介绍系列——smem
smem工具介紹
?????? smem是Linux系統上的一款可以生成多種內存耗用報告的命令行工具。與現有工具不一樣的是smem可以報告實際使用的物理內存(PSS),這是一種更有意義的指標??梢院饬刻摂M內存系統的庫和應用程序所占用的內存數量。
由于大部分的物理內存通常在多個應用程序之間共享,名為實際使用物理內存(RSS)的這個標準的內存耗用衡量指標會大大高估內存耗用情況。PSS這個參數而是衡量了每個應用程序在每個共享內存區中的“公平分配”,給出了一個切合實際的衡量指標。
?
smem有許多功能特性:
?
系統概況列表
按進程、映射和用戶列表
按用戶、映射或用戶過濾
來自多個數據源的可配置列
可配置的輸出單位和百分比
可配置的標題和總和
從/proc讀取活動數據
從目錄鏡像或經過壓縮的打包文件讀取數據快照
面向嵌入式系統的輕型捕獲工具
內置的圖表生成功能
?
smem的系統要求
系統內核為2.6.27以上
Python版本必須為2.4或以上
依賴matplotlib庫生成圖表(可選的,自動檢測)依賴matplotlib,是因為smem除了一般的文本信息報告外,smem 也可以生成條狀或餅狀圖。
?
?
對應的英文原文如下:
smem?is a tool that can give numerous reports on memory usage on Linux systems. Unlike existing tools, smem can report?proportional set size?(PSS), which is a more meaningful representation of the amount of memory used by libraries and applications in a virtual memory system.
Because large portions of physical memory are typically shared among multiple applications, the standard measure of memory usage known as resident set size (RSS) will significantly overestimate memory usage. PSS instead measures each application's "fair share" of each shared area to give a realistic measure.
?
smem has many features:
system overview listing
listings by process, mapping, user
filtering by process, mapping, or user
configurable columns from multiple data sources
configurable output units and percentages
configurable headers and totals
reading live data from /proc
reading data snapshots from directory mirrors or compressed tarballs
lightweight capture tool for embedded systems
built-in chart generation
?
smem has a few requirements:
a reasonably modern kernel (> 2.6.27 or so)
a reasonably recent version of Python (2.4 or so)
the matplotlib library for chart generation (optional, auto-detected)
?
Linux使用到了虛擬內存(virtual memory),因此要準確的計算一個進程實際使用的物理內存就不是那么簡單。只知道進程的虛擬內存大小也并沒有太大的用處,因為還是無法獲取到實際分配的物理內存大小。
RSS(Resident set size),使用top命令可以查詢到,是最常用的內存指標,表示進程占用的物理內存大小。但是,將各進程的RSS值相加,通常會超出整個系統的內存消耗,這是因為RSS中包含了各進程間共享的內存。
PSS(Proportional set size)所有使用某共享庫的程序均分該共享庫占用的內存時,每個進程占用的內存。顯然所有進程的PSS之和就是系統的內存使用量。它會更準確一些,它將共享內存的大小進行平均后,再分攤到各進程上去。
USS(Unique set size )進程獨自占用的內存,它是PSS中自己的部分,它只計算了進程獨自占用的內存大小,不包含任何共享的部分。
?????? VSS – Virtual Set Size 虛擬耗用內存(包含共享庫占用的內存)
?????? RSS – Resident Set Size 實際使用物理內存(包含共享庫占用的內存)
?????? PSS – Proportional Set Size 實際使用的物理內存(比例分配共享庫占用的內存)
?????? USS – Unique Set Size 進程獨自占用的物理內存(不包含共享庫占用的內存)
?
smem工具安裝
?? 首先去官方網址https://www.selenic.com/smem/?下載對應的smem安裝包,目前最新的版本為smem-1.4.? 下面安裝是在RHEL 5.7上安裝,不同版本系統、以及不同安裝方法都有一些區別。
1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# tar -xzvf smem-1.4.tar.gz 2: smem-1.4/.hg_archival.txt 3: smem-1.4/.hgtags 4: smem-1.4/COPYING 5: smem-1.4/smem 6: smem-1.4/smem.8 7: smem-1.4/smemcap.c 8: [root@DB-Server tmp]# cd smem-1.4 9: [root@DB-Server smem-1.4]# ls 10: COPYING? smem? smem.8? smemcap.c 11: [root@DB-Server smem-1.4]# cp /tmp/smem-1.4/smem? /usr/bin 12: [root@DB-Server smem-1.4]# chmod +x /usr/bin/smem?
smem工具使用
?
查看smem命令的相關幫助信息
1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# smem -h 2: usage: smem [options] 3:? 4: options: 5:?? -h, --help??????????? show this help message and exit 6:?? -H, --no-header?????? disable header line 7:?? -c COLUMNS, --columns=COLUMNS 8:???????????????????????? columns to show 9:?? -t, --totals????????? show totals 10:?? -R REALMEM, --realmem=REALMEM 11:???????????????????????? amount of physical RAM 12:?? -K KERNEL, --kernel=KERNEL 13:???????????????????????? path to kernel image 14:?? -m, --mappings??????? show mappings 15:?? -u, --users?????????? show users 16:?? -w, --system????????? show whole system 17:?? -P PROCESSFILTER, --processfilter=PROCESSFILTER 18:???????????????????????? process?filter regex 19:?? -M MAPFILTER, --mapfilter=MAPFILTER 20:???????????????????????? map filter regex 21:?? -U USERFILTER, --userfilter=USERFILTER 22:???????????????????????? user filter regex 23:?? -n, --numeric???????? numeric output 24:?? -s SORT, --sort=SORT? field to sort on 25:?? -r, --reverse???????? reverse sort 26:?? -p, --percent???????? show percentage 27:?? -k, --abbreviate????? show unit suffixes 28:?? --pie=PIE???????????? show pie graph 29:?? --bar=BAR???????????? show bar graph 30:?? -S SOURCE, --source=SOURCE 31:???????????????????????? /proc data source?
1:無參數時顯示所有進程的內存使用情況
?
2:參數-u 顯示每個用戶所耗用的內存總量
smem -u
?
3: 參數-p 查看耗用內存情況的百分比。
smem -p
?
4: 參數-w 查看系統內存使用情況
1: [root@DB-Server01 ~]# smem -w 2: Area?????????????????????????? Used????? Cache?? Noncache 3: firmware/hardware???????????????? 0????????? 0????????? 0 4: kernel image????????????????????? 0????????? 0????????? 0 5: kernel dynamic memory????? 22021892?? 21721584???? 300308 6: userspace memory??????????? 1899296???? 122424??? 1776872 7: free memory????????????????? 686340???? 686340????????? 0 8: [root@DB-Server01 ~]# smem -w -p 9: Area?????????????????????????? Used????? Cache?? Noncache 10: firmware/hardware???????????? 0.00%????? 0.00%????? 0.00% 11: kernel image????????????????? 0.00%????? 0.00%????? 0.00% 12: kernel dynamic memory??????? 89.49%???? 88.27%????? 1.22% 13: userspace memory????????????? 7.73%????? 0.50%????? 7.23% 14: free memory?????????????????? 2.78%????? 2.78%????? 0.00%?
5: 參數-R REALMEM,REALMEM這個值是指物理內存數量。此參數可以讓smem在整個系統(-w)的輸出中發現固件/硬件所耗用的內存數量(對比上下即可發現,注意firmware/hardware)
1: [root@DB-Server01 ~]# smem -R 24G -w 2: Area?????????????????????????? Used????? Cache?? Noncache 3: firmware/hardware??????????? 558296????????? 0???? 558296 4: kernel image????????????????????? 0????????? 0????????? 0 5: kernel dynamic memory????? 22024108?? 21722972???? 301136 6: userspace memory??????????? 1907676???? 122436??? 1785240 7: free memory????????????????? 675744???? 675744????????? 0?
6:參數-c 用來顯示需要展示的列。
1: [root@DB-Server01 ~]# smem -c "name user pss" 2: Name???????????????????? User????????? PSS 3: mingetty???????????????? root?????????? 18 4: mingetty???????????????? root?????????? 18 5: mingetty???????????????? root?????????? 18 6: mingetty???????????????? root?????????? 18 7: mingetty???????????????? root?????????? 18 8: bash???????????????????? root????????? 911 9: sftp-server????????????? root????????? 939 10: cupsd??????????????????? root???????? 1208 11: rsyslogd???????????????? root???????? 1403 12: smbd???????????????????? tibco??????? 1474 13: hald???????????????????? haldaemon???? 1477 14: pickup?????????????????? postfix????? 1487 15: vmtoolsd???????????????? root???????? 2309 16: sshd???????????????????? root???????? 2521 17: python?????????????????? root???????? 5464 18: beremote???????????????? root???????? 7585 19: java???????????????????? weblogic??? 18454 20: java???????????????????? weblogic??? 31431 21: java???????????????????? weblogic??? 69389 22: java???????????????????? tomcat???? 339977 23: java???????????????????? tomcat???? 355037 24: java???????????????????? tomcat???? 421133 25: java???????????????????? weblogic?? 640531?
7: 參數-s 根據某一列(例如 rss)來排序.
?
8: 參數-r 一般與參數-s結合使用,表示反轉排序(從升序改為降序)
?
9:參數-M 過濾相關進程。Show processes filtered by mapping
1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# smem -M mysql 2:?? PID User???? Command???????????????????????? Swap????? USS????? PSS????? RSS 3:? 4172 mysql??? /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=??????? 0???? 3924???? 3924???? 3924 4: [root@DB-Server tmp]# smem -M mysql -p 5:?? PID User???? Command???????????????????????? Swap????? USS????? PSS????? RSS 6:? 4172 mysql??? /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=??? 0.00%??? 0.38%??? 0.38%??? 0.38% 7: [root@DB-Server tmp]#
?
10:參數-U 按用戶過濾信息
另外一些參數如何展示條狀圖或餅狀圖的功能,個人感覺這些參數的用處不大,首先服務器一般都沒有安裝桌面系統,都是命令界面維護、管理。無法生成相關圖形。其次服務器有桌面系統,也需要安裝相關依賴包,相當麻煩。除非是為了生成報告需要。
???? Read data from capture tarball smem --source capture.tar.gz
???? Show a bar chart labeled by pid smem --bar pid -c "pss uss"
???? Show a pie chart of RSS labeled by name smem --pie name -s rss
?
參考資料
https://www.selenic.com/smem/
http://www.uml.org.cn/itnews/2013121108.asp
https://linux.cn/article-4492-1.html
轉發:http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/5079319.html
總結
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的Linux监控工具介绍系列——smem的全部內容,希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。
- 上一篇: js变量提升_一道JS变量提升题
- 下一篇: GMSSL双证书认证C/S(Linux版