深夜博文，干活滿滿

• Docker的安裝
• Docker鏡像的基礎命令
• • • 1.查看鏡像與版本信息
    • 2.查找指定鏡像
    • 3.下載鏡像 pull
    • 4.獲取鏡像信息 inspect
    • 5.給鏡像設置多標簽 tag
    • 6.導出與導入鏡像
• Docker容器的基礎命令
• • • 1.查看容器
    • 2.創建容器
    • 3.容器的啟動
    • 4.docker run
    • 5.容器的刪除
    • 6.進入與退出容器
    • 7.容器的導入導出
• 一些常識性問題
• docker日志的查看

Docker的安裝

##這里我用的是阿里線網源，所以需要先搭建yum線網源倉庫## [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname docker [root@localhost ~]# su[root@docker ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@docker yum.repos.d]# ls backup local.repo [root@docker yum.repos.d]# ls backup local.repo [root@docker yum.repos.d]# rm -rf local.repo [root@docker yum.repos.d]# mv backup/* /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@docker yum.repos.d]# ll total 28 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 10 06:38 backup -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 Aug 30 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo[root@docker yum.repos.d]# yum clean all [root@docker yum.repos.d]# yum makecache ##添加阿里docker線網源##[root@docker yum.repos.d]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo##添加完成后會有一個docker-ce.repo## [root@docker yum.repos.d]# ls docker-ce.repo[root@docker yum.repos.d]# yum install -y docker-ce [root@docker yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker.service [root@docker yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable docker.service

• 鏡像加速
  為什么做鏡像加速，不加速的話很卡很卡很卡!!!

##在阿里官網中，每個人都有自己的加速網址，可以去阿里云控制臺查看## [root@docker yum.repos.d]# cd ~ [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker [root@docker ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' > { > "registry-mirrors": ["https://ga12ck6j.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] > } > EOF {"registry-mirrors": ["https://ga1ock6j.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } [root@docker ~]# cd /etc/docker/ [root@docker docker]# ls daemon.json key.json [root@docker docker]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@docker docker]# systemctl restart docker

• 網絡優化

[root@docker docker]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1[root@docker docker]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1[root@docker docker]# systemctl restart network [root@docker docker]# systemctl restart docker

• 安裝完docker后，會自動分配一塊網卡

[root@docker docker]# ifconfig docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255ether 02:42:f0:05:36:99 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

• 它的功能就像安裝VM時自動給你分配的VM1與VM8，用于宿主機的物理網卡（比如ens33），與docker內部容器的網絡連通

Docker鏡像的基礎命令

1.查看鏡像與版本信息

##因為我沒有鏡像所以無任何顯示## [root@docker docker]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE 鏡像名稱 鏡像標簽 鏡像ID 什么時候創建的 鏡像大小 ##查看docker的版本信息## [root@docker docker]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - CommunityVersion: 19.03.13API version: 1.40Go version: go1.13.15Git commit: 4484c46d9dBuilt: Wed Sep 16 17:03:45 2020OS/Arch: linux/amd64Experimental: falseServer: Docker Engine - CommunityEngine:Version: 19.03.13 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)Go version: go1.13.15 ##go語言寫的，go語言會大火吧Git commit: 4484c46d9dBuilt: Wed Sep 16 17:02:21 2020OS/Arch: linux/amd64Experimental: falsecontainerd:Version: 1.3.7GitCommit: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175runc:Version: 1.0.0-rc10GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dddocker-init:Version: 0.18.0GitCommit: fec3683

2.查找指定鏡像

##全球的nginx鏡像，按照熱度排行### [root@docker docker]# docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 13981 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1906 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 791 [OK] linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 128 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 109 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 103 [OK] bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 90 [OK] alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 80 [OK] jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 66 [OK] nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 63 [OK]

3.下載鏡像 pull

##AUFS 若干層下載## [root@docker docker]# docker pull nginxUsing default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete 5a9f1c0027a7: Pull complete b5c20b2b484f: Pull complete 166a2418f7e8: Pull complete 1966ea362d23: Pull complete Digest: sha256:aeade65e99e5d5e7ce162833636f692354c227ff438556e5f3ed0335b7cc2f1b Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest##查看鏡像## [root@docker docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB ##你的下載文件存放信息位置## [root@docker overlay2]# vim /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/repositories.json {"Repositories":{"nginx": {"nginx:latest":"sha256:c39a868aad02a383c7e490e0fc4a5b0217f667f2de764bc2755e315a5adf64a1" ,"nginx@sha256:aeade65e99e5d5e7ce162833636f692354c227ff438556e5f3ed0335b7cc2f1b":"sha256: c39a868aad02a383c7e490e0fc4a5b0217f667f2de764bc2755e315a5adf64a1"}}}

4.獲取鏡像信息 inspect

##獲取鏡像信息## [root@docker overlay2]# docker inspect c39a868aad02 [{"Id": "sha256:c39a868aad02a383c7e490e0fc4a5b0217f667f2de764bc2755e315a5adf64a1","RepoTags": ["nginx:latest"],"RepoDigests": [//......."AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",//.......

• 這里插個小知識點，容器資源的格式幾乎都是 json , yaml 兩種

5.給鏡像設置多標簽 tag

[root@docker overlay2]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:111 [root@docker overlay2]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx 111 c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB nginx latest c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB

• 這個相當于起別名

##刪除標簽## [root@docker overlay2]# docker rmi c39a868aad02 Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete c39a868aad02 (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories[root@docker overlay2]# docker rmi nginx:111 Untagged: nginx:111

• 注意：在鏡像有多標簽時，使用ID號刪除是刪不了的，只有剩下一個標簽你才能刪

6.導出與導入鏡像

##導出鏡像，-o表示導出+導出位置與名字+導出哪個鏡像## [root@docker opt]# docker save -o /opt/nginx nginx:latest [root@docker opt]# ll -h -rw------- 1 root root 131M Nov 10 07:42 nginx ##這個時候我們刪除原本鏡像，并導回####查看鏡像 [root@docker opt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB##刪除鏡像 [root@docker opt]# docker rmi nginx:latest Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:aeade65e99e5d5e7ce162833636f692354c227ff438556e5f3ed0335b7cc2f1b Deleted: sha256:c39a868aad02a383c7e490e0fc4a5b0217f667f2de764bc2755e315a5adf64a1 Deleted: sha256:1af47386c12cb24b362bd785e71058ab675fbdcbda8e7a7ba0dd10c3cff75a2a Deleted: sha256:25ee02f9e42f8cdca7ca8bc522cb69ac4a86a55401818a13c7a01e52a81894fe Deleted: sha256:b1d2bc3292aa3d64794f99d2885d35b454993b4af24ad350a969d27925db7ebb Deleted: sha256:4216e20d59f9fc90bccdd14493452532806d4803a25514366de2a9c5560624d0 Deleted: sha256:d0fe97fa8b8cefdffcef1d62b65aba51a6c87b6679628a2b50fc6a7a579f764c##再次查看鏡像 [root@docker opt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ##用load 導入鏡像 [root@docker opt]# docker load < /opt/nginx d0fe97fa8b8c: Loading layer 72.49MB/72.49MB 2baf69a23d7a: Loading layer 64.54MB/64.54MB 2f57e21e4365: Loading layer 3.072kB/3.072kB aee208b6ccfb: Loading layer 4.096kB/4.096kB 7b5417cae114: Loading layer 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: nginx:latest##查看鏡像## [root@docker opt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB

Docker容器的基礎命令

1.查看容器

[root@docker opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 容器的ID 使用的哪一個鏡像創建的 環境 創建的時間 容器的狀態 協議與端口

• -a :查看所有容器狀態，不加的話查看的是已經運行的容器

2.創建容器

• 容器基于鏡像創建，所以你需要先看有沒有鏡像

##可以看到這個時候的狀態只是創建，你還需要去啟動## [root@docker opt]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash bb38787230cf40cb8c833f751667e129b97d6aeaf04983f8535fbb78d205f207[root@docker opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bb38787230cf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 seconds ago Created hopeful_maxwell

• -i : 讓容器的標準輸入保持打開
• -t : 讓docker分配一個偽終端
• /bin/bash : 需要的環境

3.容器的啟動

[root@docker opt]# docker start bb38787230cf bb38787230cf [root@docker opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bb38787230cf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp hopeful_maxwell

• 注意：這里并不意味著你就可以對外提供服務了，你還需要做NAT映射，為了保護容器的安全性

4.docker run

• docker run : 一條命令執行下載鏡像，創建容器，開啟容器
• docker run后面跟鏡像，有直接使用，沒有會直接去下載鏡像，-c 后面跟要在容器種操作的指令

[root@docker opt]# docker run centos:7 /bin/bash -c ls /Unable to find image 'centos:7' locally 7: Pulling from library/centos 75f829a71a1c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:19a79828ca2e505eaee0ff38c2f3fd9901f4826737295157cc5212b7a372cd2b Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7 anaconda-post.log bin etc home //......省略[root@docker opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago awesome_hodgkin bb38787230cf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 16 minutes ago Up 14 minutes 80/tcp hopeful_maxwell[root@docker opt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 3 months ago 203MB

5.容器的刪除

• 刪除容器前，要先關閉容器，否則刪除不了

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago awesome_hodgkin bb38787230cf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 11 hours ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp hopeful_maxwell ##先關閉，再刪除## [root@docker ~]# docker stop bb38787230cf bb38787230cf[root@docker ~]# docker rm bb38787230cf bb38787230cf[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago awesome_hodgkin

6.進入與退出容器

• 注意點：你進入的容器一定要是開啟狀態，否則無法進入

##首先開啟一個容器## [root@docker ~]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash 546b2311fcff7ec4c6fa46c70bcd1c8bb4007577a99ebade3559fd3396bc47a6[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 546b2311fcff nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Created suspicious_edison 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago awesome_hodgkin[root@docker ~]# docker start 546b2311fcff 546b2311fcff[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 546b2311fcff nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 18 seconds ago Up 1 second 80/tcp suspicious_edison 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago awesome_hodgkin ##進入nginx容器## [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 546b2311fcff /bin/bash root@546b2311fcff:/###退出容器 root@546b2311fcff:/# exit exit

7.容器的導入導出

• 容器的導出（存儲到指定目錄+備注名）

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 546b2311fcff nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp suspicious_edison 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago awesome_hodgkin[root@docker ~]# docker export 546b2311fcff > /opt/nginx [root@docker ~]# cd /opt/ [root@docker opt]# ll total 134112 drwx--x--x 4 root root 28 Nov 10 06:43 containerd -rw------- 1 root root 135339008 Nov 10 19:12 nginx

這個時候我們去刪除這個容器

##可以看到，正在運行的容器是不能刪除的## [root@docker opt]# docker rm 546b2311fcff Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 546b2311fcff7ec4c6fa46c70bcd1c8bb4007577a99ebade3559fd3396bc47a6. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove##只有停止狀態或運行結束狀態的容器才可以刪除## [root@docker opt]# docker stop 546b2311fcff 546b2311fcff[root@docker opt]# docker rm 546b2311fcff 546b2311fcff

• 容器的導入
• 注意點：容器導入并不會創建容器，只會生成鏡像

##這里用到cat與管道符號“|”將看到的內容遞給dicker引入，并給個名字叫nginx:web#[root@docker opt]# cat /opt/nginx | docker import - nginx:web sha256:d79ea958e6d3fa2d687bce6cd68bfed285600c6a52d31bb5f2c45400bc1cf06e##可以看到并沒有生成容器## [root@docker opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 955ec5648d68 centos:7 "/bin/bash -c ls /" 11 hours ago Exited (0) 11 hours ago awesome_hodgkin##查看生成了鏡像## [root@docker opt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx web d79ea958e6d3 3 minutes ago 131MB nginx latest c39a868aad02 4 days ago 133MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 3 months ago 203MB

一些常識性問題

• （1）正在運行的或者停止的容器，是不可以直接刪除它的鏡像的，只要你docker ps -a 能查到，它的鏡像就刪不了

• （2）正在運行的容器不可以直接刪除

• （3）有多標簽的相同ID的鏡像，你不能通過刪除ID的方式刪除這個鏡像，除非你 rmi -f 強制刪除

docker日志的查看

查看實時日志，不看歷史：

docker -f --tail 1 container_id

查看后100行的日志：

docker logs --tail 100 container_id

查看30分鐘之內日志

docker logs --since 30m container_id

查看指定日期之后的日志 (2019-03-25T13:00:00 到現在的日志)

docker logs -t --since="2019-03-25T13:00:00" container_id

查看指定時間后的日志，只顯示最后100行：

docker logs -f -t --since="2019-03-25" --tail=100 container_id

查看指定時間段之內的日志， (–until 需要docker API 1.35 之上才支持)

docker logs -t --since="2019-03-25T13:00:00" --until="2019-03-25T14:00:00" container_id

對查詢到的日志內容進行過濾

docker logs -f --tail=100 container_id | grep 'xxx'

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的Docker的基本管理命令!!!学会docker的第一步的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

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