編寫測試用例

HttpRunner v3.x支持三種測試用例格式pytest，YAML和JSON。官方強烈建議以pytest格式而不是以前的YAML/JSON格式編寫和維護測試用例
格式關系如下圖所示：

圖文解析：

1.postman收集的用例，curl命令行、抓包工具charles/fiddler生成的har，都轉換為JSON格式
2.Web平臺中的JSON格式用例也被收集
3.YAML文件與JSON格式相互轉換
4.最后將所有的JSON格式文件轉換為py文件，用pytest去執行用例
最后都是生成pytest去執行用例，之前就一直用的pytest框架，所以本人還是很喜歡httprunner的設計的

用例結構

上篇文章將百度的接口轉換成pytest，如下：

from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase


class TestCaseBaidu(HttpRunner):

    config = Config("testcase description").verify(False)

    teststeps = [
        Step(
            RunRequest("/")
            .get("https://www.baidu.com/")
            .with_headers(
                **{
                    "Host": "www.baidu.com",
                    "Connection": "keep-alive",
                    "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
                    "sec-ch-ua": '"Chromium";v="88", "Google Chrome";v="88", ";Not A Brand";v="99"',
                    "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
                    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
                    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11_1_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/88.0.4324.146 Safari/537.36",
                    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9",
                    "Sec-Fetch-Site": "none",
                    "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "navigate",
                    "Sec-Fetch-User": "?1",
                    "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "document",
                    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
                    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7",
                    "Cookie": "PSTM=1610459846; BAIDUID=A40AD6AD806FBBED1033903732FFA453:FG=1; BD_UPN=123253; BIDUPSID=898B917A8EF92E036B0F06DC792638A1; __yjs_duid=1_c391922164c20246fd49e4ad821d46c41610613507042; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; H_PS_PSSID=33423_33513_33403_33273_33594_33585_26350_33568; delPer=0; BD_CK_SAM=1; PSINO=5; BAIDUID_BFESS=A40AD6AD806FBBED1033903732FFA453:FG=1; COOKIE_SESSION=86630_1_9_6_41_5_0_0_8_2_1_0_0_0_71_0_1612340974_1611912344_1612427533%7C9%23262013_235_1611912339%7C9; BD_HOME=1; ZD_ENTRY=baidu; BA_HECTOR=20ag2180aga18k21mm1g1pegu0r",
                }
            )
            .with_cookies(
                **{
                    "PSTM": "1610459846",
                    "BAIDUID": "A40AD6AD806FBBED1033903732FFA453:FG=1",
                    "BD_UPN": "123253",
                    "BIDUPSID": "898B917A8EF92E036B0F06DC792638A1",
                    "__yjs_duid": "1_c391922164c20246fd49e4ad821d46c41610613507042",
                    "BDORZ": "B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598",
                    "H_PS_PSSID": "33423_33513_33403_33273_33594_33585_26350_33568",
                    "delPer": "0",
                    "BD_CK_SAM": "1",
                    "PSINO": "5",
                    "BAIDUID_BFESS": "A40AD6AD806FBBED1033903732FFA453:FG=1",
                    "COOKIE_SESSION": "86630_1_9_6_41_5_0_0_8_2_1_0_0_0_71_0_1612340974_1611912344_1612427533%7C9%23262013_235_1611912339%7C9",
                    "BD_HOME": "1",
                    "ZD_ENTRY": "baidu",
                    "BA_HECTOR": "20ag2180aga18k21mm1g1pegu0r",
                }
            )
            .validate()
            .assert_equal("status_code", 200)
            .assert_equal('headers."Content-Type"', "text/html;charset=utf-8")
        ),
    ]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    TestCaseBaidu().test_start()

每個用例都是HttpRunner的子類，且必須包含屬性：config和teststeps。

• config：配置測試用例，包含 base_url, verify, variables, export
• teststeps：測試步驟的列表，每個步驟都對應一個API請求或調用另一個測試用例，此外還支持variables/extract/validate/hooks創建極其復雜的測試用例
  

鏈式調用

HttpRunner v3.x最重要的功能之一就是支持鏈式調用，使用鏈式調用，不需要記住任何測試用例的信息，在IDE中編寫測試用例時就可以智能完成

總結

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