1.下載軟件包
進入到mysql官網下載自己對應版本的mysql，
下載地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
我這里下載mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar版本
將下載好的源碼壓縮包上傳至：/home目錄下
（新建虛擬機時磁盤沒有規劃，導致home目錄磁盤空間比較大，所以將mysql安裝在home目錄下）

2.檢查卸載
安裝前，我們可以檢測系統是否自帶安裝 MySQL:

[root@localhost home]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

如有，類似 mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64那可以選擇進行卸載:

rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64　　// 普通刪除模式 rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64　　// 強力刪除模式，如果使用上面命令刪除時，提示有依賴的其它文件，則用該命令可以對其進行強力刪除

檢查否存在 mariadb 數據庫，如有，卸載之，卸載同上

[root@localhost home]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

如有，類似mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
則 卸載rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

3.安裝
（1）安裝源文件版本：mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
進入 /home, 解壓源碼文件，并重新命名mysql-5.7

[root@localhost homel]#tar -xf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar [root@localhost homel]# mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7

（2）創建數據文件mkdir data

[root@localhost homel]# cd mysql-5.7 [root@localhost mysql-5.7]#mkdir data

（3）檢查mysql組和用戶是否存在，如無創建

[root@localhost mysql-5.7]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql #類似 mysql:x:490: [root@localhost mysql-5.7]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql #類似 mysql:x:496:490::/home/mysql:/bin/bash

以上為存在的情況，如無，執行添加命令：groupadd mysql 和 useradd -r -g mysql mysql

[root@localhost mysql-5.7]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost mysql-5.7]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

#useradd -r參數表示mysql用戶是系統用戶，不可用于登錄系統

（4）將/home/mysql-5.7的所有者及所屬組改為mysql

[root@localhost mysql-5.7]# chown -R mysql.mysql /home/mysql-5.7 [root@localhost mysql-5.7]# chown -R mysql.mysql /home/mysql-5.7/data [root@localhost mysql-5.7]# chown -R mysql /home/mysql-5.7/data [root@localhost mysql-5.7]# chown -R mysql /home/mysql-5.7 [root@localhost mysql-5.7]# chmod -R 755 /home/mysql-5.7

（5）在/home/mysql-5.7/support-files目錄下創建my_default.cnf

[mysqldump] user =root password =123456[mysqld] basedir=/home/mysql-5.7 datadir=/home/mysql-5.7/data user = mysql log-bin=/home/mysql-5.7/mysql-bin #binlog-do-db=test #binlog-ignore-db=mysqlserver-id=4 character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci max_connections=4096 max_connect_errors = 1024 socket=/home/mysql-5.7/mysql.sock log-error=/home/mysql5.7/mysqld.log pid-file=/home/mysql5.7/mysqld.pidsql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTIONevent_scheduler=1 back_log=500 #數據庫連接閑置最大時間值為30分鐘 wait_timeout=1800 #禁止MySQL對外部連接進行DNS解析 skip-name-resolve#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=100M#thread_concurrency=32 #MySql讀入緩沖區大小 read_buffer_size=4M #臨時表的大小為32M tmp_table_size=32M#max_allowed_packet = 500M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true #關閉大小寫 lower_case_table_names=1#innodb_flush_log_trx_commit=0#log-error=/home/mysqld.log#interactive_timeout=216000 #wait_timeout=216000 #二進制日志自動刪除的天數 #expire_logs_days=15 #binlog_format=mixed#log-bin-trust-function-creators=1 #event_scheduler = 1#log_timestamps=SYSTEM #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 130023424 innodb_buffer_pool_size=4294967296 #group_concat_max_len = 20480 #sync_binlog = 100

拷貝my_default.cnf文件到/etc/my.cnf如果提示是否覆蓋，y

[root@localhost support-files]# cp my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp：是否覆蓋"/etc/my.cnf"？ y

（6）修改mysql.server文件
進入/home/mysql-5.7/support-files目錄修改mysql.server,修改內容如下找到mysqld_pid_file_path=修改MySQL的安裝路徑及數據路徑

# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.# Set some defaults mysqld_pid_file_path= if test -z "$basedir" thenbasedir=/home/mysql-5.7bindir=/home/mysql-5.7/binif test -z "$datadir"thendatadir=/home/mysql-5.7/datafisbindir=/home/mysql-5.7/binlibexecdir=/home/mysql-5.7/bin elsebindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir"thendatadir="$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi

（7）把啟動腳本放到開機初始化目錄。
進入/home/mysql-5.7/support-files目錄下執行cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

（8）初始化 mysqld
進入到/home/mysql-5.7執行./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql-5.7/ --datadir=/home/mysql-5.7/data/

[root@localhost mysql-5.7]#./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql-5.7/ --datadir=/home/mysql-5.7/data/

（9）找出初始密碼
初始化完成之后進入/home/mysql-5.7/data，查看cat mysqld.log日志找出隨機生成mysql數據庫登錄的臨時密碼

[root@localhost data]# cat mysqld.log 2022-01-21T14:02:25.896593Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-01-21T14:02:25.896962Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release. 2022-01-21T14:02:25.896973Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set. 2022-01-21T14:02:26.710078Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2022-01-21T14:02:26.791482Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2022-01-21T14:02:26.902798Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: caa64450-54b2-11ea-8c3c-000c2923d700. 2022-01-21T14:02:26.904801Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2022-01-21T14:02:28.091585Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2022-01-21T14:02:28.293469Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s7kh.#l8%O6p

找出臨時密碼：2022-01-21T14:02:28.293469Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s7kh.#l8%O6p密碼就是：s7kh.#l8%O6p 記住密碼隨后登陸需要

（10）啟動mysql服務
service mysql start

[root@localhost data]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

（11）登錄mysql

進入/home/mysql-5.7/bin執行./mysql -u root -p登錄mysql，密碼為初始密碼

配置文件中的socket路徑做下軟連接

[root@localhost data]ln -s /home/mysql-5.7/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

（12）修改密碼
set password=password(‘密碼’);

mysql> set password=password('123456'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

（13）授權root權限使得外部地址使用root登陸
grant all privileges on . to root@’%’ identified by ‘123456’;

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

（14）刷新權限：flush privileges;

mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

（15）聲明環境變量

[root@localhost home] vim /etc/profile #末尾添加一行 export PATH=$PATH:/home/mysql-5.7/bin[root@localhost home] source /etc/profile

參考文檔：
https://blog.csdn.net/iT_MaNongking/article/details/104453370

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