“物联网”涵盖了大量的行业和应用
The “Internet of Things” covers a huge scope of industries and applications.
簡要介紹查看物聯網技術堆棧的不同方式
潛入數據管理和API云代理
深入了解更高級別的技術，如機器學習和用戶體驗反饋和分析
Communication Backbone Hardware Protocols Software Data Brokers / Cloud Platforms Machine Learning通訊
RFID?-?ISO/IEC Standards list
Description:
"A radio-frequency identification system uses tags, or labels attached to the objects to be identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called interrogators or readers send a signal to the tag and read its response. The readers generally transmit their observations to a computer system running RFID software or RFID middleware.RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery assisted passive. An active tag has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal. A battery assisted passive (BAP) has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of a RFID reader."
“射頻識別系統使用標簽或標簽貼在要識別的物體上，稱為詢問器或閱讀器的雙向無線電收發器向標簽發送信號并讀取其響應，讀者通常將其觀察結果發送給 計算機系統運行RFID軟件或RFID中間件。RFID標簽可以是被動的，主動的或電池輔助的被動式。有源標簽有一個板載電池并周期性地發送其ID信號。電池輔助無源（BAP） 并且在有RFID閱讀器的情況下被激活。“
Frequency: 120–150 kHz (LF), 13.56 MHz (HF), 433 MHz (UHF), 865-868 MHz (Europe)902-928 MHz (North America) UHF, 2450-5800 MHz (microwave), 3.1–10 GHz (microwave)
Range: 10cm to 200m
Examples: Road tolls, Building Access, Inventory
頻率：120-150 kHz（LF），13.56 MHz（HF），433 MHz（UHF），865-868 MHz（歐洲）902-928 MHz（北美）UHF，2450-5800 MHz（微波），3.1-10 GHz（微波）
范圍：10厘米至200米
示例：道路收費，建筑物訪問，庫存
EnOcean?- ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 (Alliance)
Description:
"The EnOcean technology is an energy harvesting wireless technology used primarily in building automation systems; but is also applied to other applications in industry, transportation, logistics and smart homes.Modules based on EnOcean technology combine micro energy converters with ultra low power electronics and enable wireless communications between batteryless wireless sensors, switches, controllers and gateways."
-?Frequency: 315 MHz, 868 MHz, 902 MHz
Range: 300m Outdoor, 30m Indoors
Examples: Wireless switches, sensors and controls
“EnOcean技術是一種主要用于樓宇自動化系統的能量收集無線技術，但也適用于工業，交通運輸，物流和智能家居等領域的其他應用。基于EnOcean技術的模塊將微能量轉換器與超低功耗電子器件結合在一起，無電池無線傳感器，交換機，控制器和網關之間的無線通信。“
- 頻率：315MHz，868MHz，902MHz
范圍：300米戶外，30米室內
示例：無線開關，傳感器和控件
NFC -?ISO/IEC 18092 and ISO/IEC 14443-2,3,4, JIS X6319-4
Description:
"NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 10 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s.NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered"Frequency: 13.56 MHz
Range: < 0.2 m
Examples: Smart Wallets/Cards, Action Tags, Access Control
“NFC是一組短距離無線技術，通常需要10厘米或更小的距離，NFC在ISO / IEC 18000-3空中接口上工作在13.56 MHz，速率范圍從106 kbit / s到424 kbit / s .NFC始終涉及發起者和目標;發起者主動生成可為被動目標供電的RF場，這使得NFC目標可以采用非常簡單的外形因素，如標簽，貼紙，鑰匙鏈或不需要電池的卡。NFC對等通信是可能的，只要兩個設備都通電“頻率：13.56 MHz
范圍：<0.2米
示例：智能錢包/卡片，行動標簽，訪問控制
Bluetooth?(SIG)
Description:
"Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security."
“藍牙是一種無線技術標準，可用于從固定和移動設備短距離交換數據（使用2400-2480 MHz ISM頻段中的短波無線電傳輸），創建具有高安全級別的個人局域網（PAN）。”
Frequency: 2.4GHz
Range: 1-100m
Examples: Hands-free headsets, key dongles,?fitness trackers
頻率：2.4GHz
范圍：1-100米
例如：免提耳機，鑰匙扣，健身追蹤器
WiFi?(Alliance)
Description:
"Wi-Fi is a technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards"
- 802.11a/b/g/n/af,?WiFi Direct,?WPS
“Wi-Fi是一項技術，它允許電子設備通過計算機網絡（包括高速互聯網連接）以無線方式（使用無線電波）交換數據。Wi-Fi聯盟將Wi-Fi定義為任何”無線局域網WLAN）基于電氣和電子工程師協會（IEEE）802.11標準的產品“
- 802.11a / b / g / n / af，WiFi Direct，WPS
Frequency: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 4.9/5.0 GHz bands.
Range: Common range is up to 100m but can be extended.
Applications: Routers, Tablets, etc
頻率：2.4 GHz，3.6 GHz和4.9 / 5.0 GHz頻段。
范圍：常用范圍可達100米，但可以延長。
應用：路由器，平板電腦等
Weightless?(SIG)
Description:
"Weightless is a proposed proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data between a base station and thousands of machines around it using White space (wavelength radio transmissions in unoccupied TV transmission channels) with high levels of security."
“無重力是一種提議的專有開放無線技術標準，用于在基站和周圍的數千臺機器之間使用白色空間（空閑電視傳輸信道中的波長無線電傳輸）以高度安全性交換數據。”
Frequency: Varies with legislation (470 – 790MHz)
Range: Up to 10km
Data Rates: 1kbits/s to 10Mbits/s
Examples: Smart meters, traffic sensors, industrial monitoring
頻率：隨立法而變化（470 - 790MHz）
范圍：最多10公里
數據速率：1kbits / s到10Mbits / s
例如：智能電表，交通傳感器，工業監控
GSM?(Association)
Description:
"GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.
Terrestrial GSM networks now cover more than 90% of the world’s population. GSM satellite roaming has also extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available."
“GSM（全球移動通信系統）是一種用于傳輸移動語音和數據服務的開放式數字蜂窩技術。
地面GSM網絡現在覆蓋全球90％以上的人口。 GSM衛星漫游還擴大了對地面覆蓋不可用區域的服務訪問。“
Frequency: Europe: 900MHz & 1.8GHz, US: 1.9GHz & 850MHz, Full List can be found?here.
Data Rate: 9.6 kbps
Examples: Cell phones, M2M, smart meter, asset tracking
數據速率：9.6 kbps
例如：手機，M2M，智能電表，資產追蹤
Additional:
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Additional:
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IoT Backbone 網絡的骨干
物聯網硬件Internet of Things Hardware
IoT Software
IoT Protocols
Data Brokers / Cloud Services 數據經紀人/云服務
IoT Machine Learning機器學習
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