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ProxySQL 配置详解及读写分离(+GTID)等功能说明 (完整篇)2

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生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 ProxySQL 配置详解及读写分离(+GTID)等功能说明 (完整篇)2 小編覺得挺不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)在分享給大家,幫大家做個(gè)參考.

2) 從數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql-slave1 (172.16.60.212)的配置操作

與主服務(wù)器配置大概一致，除了server_id不一致外，從服務(wù)器還可以在配置文件里面添加："read_only＝on"?,

使從服務(wù)器只能進(jìn)行讀取操作，此參數(shù)對超級用戶無效，并且不會影響從服務(wù)器的復(fù)制；

[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# >/etc/my.cnf

[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir =?/var/lib/mysql

socket =?/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

????????

symbolic-links = 0

????????

log-error =?/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file?=?/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

????

#GTID:

server_id = 2

gtid_mode = on

enforce_gtid_consistency = on

??????

#binlog

log_bin = master-bin

log-slave-updates = 1

binlog_format = row

sync-master-info = 1

sync_binlog = 1

??????

#relay log

skip_slave_start = 1

read_only = on

配置完成之后，別忘了重啟Mysql

[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

接著登錄mysql，做主從同步

[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -p123456

........

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database?????????? |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql????????????? |

| performance_schema |

|?test???????????????|

+--------------------+

4 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

???

在從數(shù)據(jù)庫里，使用change master 配置主從復(fù)制

mysql> stop slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.60.211',master_user='slave',master_password='slave@123',master_auto_position=1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.24 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master to send event

??????????????????Master_Host: 172.16.60.211

??????????????????Master_User: slave

??????????????????Master_Port: 3306

????????????????Connect_Retry: 60

??????????????Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002

??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2069

???????????????Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave1-relay-bin.000002

????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 2284

????????Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002

?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes

????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

............

???????????Retrieved_Gtid_Set: fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8

????????????Executed_Gtid_Set: 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c:1-2,

fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8

????????????????Auto_Position: 1

?????????Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

?????????????????Channel_Name:

???????????Master_TLS_Version:

1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

查看從庫的gtid

mysql> show global variables like?'%gtid%';

+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????????????? | Value????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery????? | ON???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| enforce_gtid_consistency???????? | ON???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_executed??????????????????? | 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c:1-2,

fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8 |

| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_mode??????????????????????? | ON???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_owned?????????????????????? |??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_purged????????????????????? | 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c:1-2?????????????????????????????????????????? |

| session_track_gtids????????????? | OFF??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows?in?set?(0.01 sec)

接著查看從數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)kevin庫已經(jīng)同步過來了!

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database?????????? |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| kevin????????????? |

| mysql????????????? |

| performance_schema |

| sys??????????????? |

+--------------------+

5 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

mysql>?select?* from kevin.haha;

+----+----------+

|?id?| name???? |

+----+----------+

|? 1 | congcong |

|? 2 | huihui?? |

|? 3 | grace??? |

+----+----------+

3 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

3) 從數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql-slave2 (172.16.60.213)的配置操作

[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# >/etc/my.cnf

[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir =?/var/lib/mysql

socket =?/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

????????

symbolic-links = 0

????????

log-error =?/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file?=?/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

????

#GTID:

server_id = 3

gtid_mode = on

enforce_gtid_consistency = on

??????

#binlog

log_bin = master-bin

log-slave-updates = 1

binlog_format = row

sync-master-info = 1

sync_binlog = 1

??????

#relay log

skip_slave_start = 1

read_only = on

重啟mysqld

[root@mysql-slave2 ~]#? systemctl restart mysqld?

登錄mysql，做主從復(fù)制

[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# mysql -p123456

.........

mysql> stop slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.60.211',master_user='slave',master_password='slave@123',master_auto_position=1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.17 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

???????????????Slave_IO_State: Waiting?for?master to send event

??????????????????Master_Host: 172.16.60.211

??????????????????Master_User: slave

??????????????????Master_Port: 3306

????????????????Connect_Retry: 60

??????????????Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002

??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2069

???????????????Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave2-relay-bin.000002

????????????????Relay_Log_Pos: 2284

????????Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002

?????????????Slave_IO_Running: Yes

????????????Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

..........

???????????Retrieved_Gtid_Set: fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8

????????????Executed_Gtid_Set: 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888:1-2,

fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8

????????????????Auto_Position: 1

?????????Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

?????????????????Channel_Name:

???????????Master_TLS_Version:

1 row?in?set?(0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

查看從庫的gtid

mysql> show global variables like?'%gtid%';

+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????????????? | Value????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery????? | ON???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| enforce_gtid_consistency???????? | ON???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_executed??????????????????? | 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888:1-2,

fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8 |

| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_mode??????????????????????? | ON???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_owned?????????????????????? |??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

| gtid_purged????????????????????? | 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888:1-2?????????????????????????????????????????? |

| session_track_gtids????????????? | OFF??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |

+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows?in?set?(0.01 sec)

接著查看從數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)kevin庫已經(jīng)同步過來了!

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database?????????? |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| kevin????????????? |

| mysql????????????? |

| performance_schema |

| sys??????????????? |

+--------------------+

5 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

mysql>?select?* from kevin.haha;

+----+----------+

|?id?| name???? |

+----+----------+

|? 1 | congcong |

|? 2 | huihui?? |

|? 3 | grace??? |

+----+----------+

3 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

4）再回到主數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql-master (172.16.60.211)上

查看master狀態(tài)，發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)slave節(jié)點(diǎn)正常存在同步關(guān)系了

mysql> show slave hosts;

+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+

+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+

|???????? 3 |????? | 3306 |???????? 1 | 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888 |

|???????? 2 |????? | 3306 |???????? 1 | 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c |

+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+

2 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

5）測試數(shù)據(jù)同步

在主數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql-master (172.16.60.211)上更新數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> insert into kevin.haha values(10,"heifei"),(11,"huoqiu"),(12,"chengxihu");

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec)

Records: 3? Duplicates: 0? Warnings: 0

然后在兩個(gè)slave從數(shù)據(jù)庫上查看，發(fā)現(xiàn)已正常同步過來了

mysql>?select?* from kevin.haha;

+----+-----------+

|?id?| name????? |

+----+-----------+

|? 1 | congcong? |

|? 2 | huihui??? |

|? 3 | grace???? |

| 10 | heifei??? |

| 11 | huoqiu??? |

| 12 | chengxihu |

+----+-----------+

6 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

4. 安裝配置ProxySQL
已經(jīng)在上面第一步中介紹了安裝方法，這里采用rpm包方式安裝，安裝過程省略........

4.1 ProxySQL實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫分離

向ProxySQL中添加MySQL節(jié)點(diǎn)

使用insert語句添加主機(jī)到mysql_servers表中，其中：hostgroup_id 為10表示寫組，為20表示讀組。

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1

............

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'172.16.60.211',3306);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'172.16.60.212',3306);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'172.16.60.213',3306);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

==========================================================================================================

如果在插入過程中，出現(xiàn)報(bào)錯(cuò)：

ERROR 1045 (#2800): UNIQUE constraint failed: mysql_servers.hostgroup_id, mysql_servers.hostname, mysql_servers.port

說明可能之前就已經(jīng)定義了其他配置，可以清空這張表或者刪除對應(yīng)host的配置

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_servers;

MySQL [(none)]> delete from mysql_servers;

Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.000 sec)

=========================================================================================================

查看這3個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)是否插入成功，以及它們的狀態(tài)。

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_servers\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

???????hostgroup_id: 10

???????????hostname: 172.16.60.211

???????????????port: 3306

?????????????status: ONLINE

?????????????weight: 1

????????compression: 0

????max_connections: 1000

max_replication_lag: 0

????????????use_ssl: 0

?????max_latency_ms: 0

????????????comment:

*************************** 2. row ***************************

???????hostgroup_id: 10

???????????hostname: 172.16.60.212

???????????????port: 3306

?????????????status: ONLINE

?????????????weight: 1

????????compression: 0

????max_connections: 1000

max_replication_lag: 0

????????????use_ssl: 0

?????max_latency_ms: 0

????????????comment:

*************************** 3. row ***************************

???????hostgroup_id: 10

???????????hostname: 172.16.60.213

???????????????port: 3306

?????????????status: ONLINE

?????????????weight: 1

????????compression: 0

????max_connections: 1000

max_replication_lag: 0

????????????use_ssl: 0

?????max_latency_ms: 0

????????????comment:

6 rows?in?set?(0.000 sec)

ERROR: No query specified

如上修改后，加載到RUNTIME，并保存到disk

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.006 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.348 sec)

監(jiān)控后端MySQL節(jié)點(diǎn)
添加Mysql節(jié)點(diǎn)之后，還需要監(jiān)控這些后端節(jié)點(diǎn)。對于后端是主從復(fù)制的環(huán)境來說，這是必須的，因?yàn)镻roxySQL需要通過每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的read_only值來自動調(diào)整
它們是屬于讀組還是寫組。

首先在后端master主數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于監(jiān)控的用戶名(只需在master上創(chuàng)建即可，因?yàn)闀?fù)制到slave上)，這個(gè)用戶名只需具有USAGE權(quán)限即可。如果還需
要監(jiān)控復(fù)制結(jié)構(gòu)中slave是否嚴(yán)重延遲于master(這個(gè)俗語叫做"拖后腿"，術(shù)語叫做"replication lag")，則還需具備replication client權(quán)限。

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在mysql-master主數(shù)據(jù)庫節(jié)點(diǎn)行執(zhí)行：

[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456

..........

mysql> create user monitor@'172.16.60.%'?identified by?'P@ssword1!';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> grant replication client on *.* to monitor@'172.16.60.%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

然后回到mysql-proxy代理層節(jié)點(diǎn)上配置監(jiān)控

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1

..........

MySQL [(none)]>?set?mysql-monitor_username='monitor';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>?set?mysql-monitor_password='P@ssword1!';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

修改后，加載到RUNTIME，并保存到disk

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk;

Query OK, 94 rows affected (0.079 sec)

驗(yàn)證監(jiān)控結(jié)果：ProxySQL監(jiān)控模塊的指標(biāo)都保存在monitor庫的log表中。

以下是連接是否正常的監(jiān)控(對connect指標(biāo)的監(jiān)控)：

注意：可能會有很多connect_error，這是因?yàn)闆]有配置監(jiān)控信息時(shí)的錯(cuò)誤，配置后如果connect_error的結(jié)果為NULL則表示正常。

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_server_connect_log;

+---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+

+---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+

| 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665195883957 | 762???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665195894099 | 399???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665195904266 | 483???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665255883715 | 824???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665255893942 | 656???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665495884125 | 615???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665495894254 | 441???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665495904479 | 638???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665512917846 | 487???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665512928071 | 994???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

| 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665512938268 | 613???????????????????? | NULL????????? |

+---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+

20 rows?in?set?(0.000 sec)

以下是對心跳信息的監(jiān)控(對ping指標(biāo)的監(jiān)控)

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_server_ping_log;

+---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+

+---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+

| 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665195883407 | 98?????????????????? | NULL?????? |

| 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665195885128 | 119????????????????? | NULL?????? |

...........

| 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665415889362 | 106????????????????? | NULL?????? |

| 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665562898295 | 97?????????????????? | NULL?????? |

+---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+

110 rows?in?set?(0.001 sec)

read_only日志此時(shí)也為空(正常來說，新環(huán)境配置時(shí)，這個(gè)只讀日志是為空的)

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_server_read_only_log;

Empty?set?(0.000 sec)

replication_lag的監(jiān)控日志為空

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_server_replication_lag_log;

Empty?set?(0.000 sec)

指定寫組的id為10，讀組的id為20。

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups values(10,20,1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

在該配置加載到RUNTIME生效之前，先查看下各mysql server所在的組。

MySQL [(none)]>?select?hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status,weight from mysql_servers;

+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+

+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+

| 10?????????? | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1????? |

| 10?????????? | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1????? |

| 10?????????? | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1????? |

+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+

3 rows?in?set?(0.000 sec)

3個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都在hostgroup_id=10的組中。

現(xiàn)在，將剛才mysql_replication_hostgroups表的修改加載到RUNTIME生效。

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.361 sec)

一加載，Monitor模塊就會開始監(jiān)控后端的read_only值，當(dāng)監(jiān)控到read_only值后，就會按照read_only的值將某些節(jié)點(diǎn)自動移動到讀/寫組。

例如，此處所有節(jié)點(diǎn)都在id=10的寫組，slave1和slave2都是slave，它們的read_only=1，這兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)將會移動到id=20的組。

如果一開始這3節(jié)點(diǎn)都在id=20的讀組，那么移動的將是Master節(jié)點(diǎn)，會移動到id=10的寫組。

現(xiàn)在看結(jié)果

MySQL [(none)]>?select?hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status,weight from mysql_servers;

+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+

+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+

| 10?????????? | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1????? |

| 20?????????? | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1????? |

| 20?????????? | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1????? |

+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+

3 rows?in?set?(0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_server_read_only_log;

+---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+

+---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+

| 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665728919212 | 1684??????????? | 1???????? | NULL? |

| 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665728918753 | 3538??????????? | 0???????? | NULL? |

| 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665728919782 | 3071??????????? | 1???????? | NULL? |

配置mysql_users
上面的所有配置都是關(guān)于后端MySQL節(jié)點(diǎn)的，現(xiàn)在可以配置關(guān)于SQL語句的，包括：發(fā)送SQL語句的用戶、SQL語句的路由規(guī)則、SQL查詢的緩存、SQL語句的重寫等等。本小節(jié)是SQL請求所使用的用戶配置，例如root用戶。這要求我們需要先在后端MySQL節(jié)點(diǎn)添加好相關(guān)用戶。這里以root和sqlsender兩個(gè)用戶名為例.

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首先，在mysql-master主數(shù)據(jù)庫節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行：(只需master執(zhí)行即可，會復(fù)制給兩個(gè)slave)

[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456

.........

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'172.16.60.%'?identified by?'passwd';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)

mysql> grant all on *.* to sqlsender@'172.16.60.%'?identified by?'P@ssword1!';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

然后回到mysql-proxy代理層節(jié)點(diǎn)，配置mysql_users表，將剛才的兩個(gè)用戶添加到該表中。

admin> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('root','passwd',10);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)

admin> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('sqlsender','P@ssword1!',10);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

admin> load mysql?users?to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

admin> save mysql?users?to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.108 sec)

mysql_users表有不少字段，最主要的三個(gè)字段為username、password和default_hostgroup：

-? username：前端連接ProxySQL，以及ProxySQL將SQL語句路由給MySQL所使用的用戶名。

-? password：用戶名對應(yīng)的密碼。可以是明文密碼，也可以是hash密碼。如果想使用hash密碼，可以先在某個(gè)MySQL節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行

???select?password(PASSWORD)，然后將加密結(jié)果復(fù)制到該字段。

-? default_hostgroup：該用戶名默認(rèn)的路由目標(biāo)。例如，指定root用戶的該字段值為10時(shí)，則使用root用戶發(fā)送的SQL語句默認(rèn)

???情況下將路由到hostgroup_id=10組中的某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)。

admin>?select?* from mysql_users\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

??????????????username: root

??????????????password:?passwd

????????????????active: 1

???????????????use_ssl: 0

?????default_hostgroup: 10

????????default_schema: NULL

?????????schema_locked: 0

transaction_persistent: 1

??????????fast_forward: 0

???????????????backend: 1

??????????????frontend: 1

???????max_connections: 10000

*************************** 2. row ***************************

??????????????username: sqlsender

??????????????password: P@ssword1!

????????????????active: 1

???????????????use_ssl: 0

?????default_hostgroup: 10

????????default_schema: NULL

?????????schema_locked: 0

transaction_persistent: 1

??????????fast_forward: 0

???????????????backend: 1

??????????????frontend: 1

???????max_connections: 10000

2 rows?in?set?(0.000 sec)

雖然這里沒有詳細(xì)介紹mysql_users表，但上面標(biāo)注了"注意本行"的兩個(gè)字段必須要引起注意。只有active=1的用戶才是有效的用戶。

至于transaction_persistent字段，當(dāng)它的值為1時(shí)，表示事務(wù)持久化：當(dāng)某連接使用該用戶開啟了一個(gè)事務(wù)后，那么在事務(wù)提交/回滾之前，

所有的語句都路由到同一個(gè)組中，避免語句分散到不同組。在以前的版本中，默認(rèn)值為0，不知道從哪個(gè)版本開始，它的默認(rèn)值為1。

我們期望的值為1，所以在繼續(xù)下面的步驟之前，先查看下這個(gè)值，如果為0，則執(zhí)行下面的語句修改為1。

MySQL [(none)]> update mysql_users?set?transaction_persistent=1 where username='root';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> update mysql_users?set?transaction_persistent=1 where username='sqlsender';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql?users?to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql?users?to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.123 sec)

然后，分別使用root用戶和sqlsender用戶測試下它們是否能路由到默認(rèn)的hostgroup_id=10(它是一個(gè)寫組)讀、寫數(shù)據(jù)。

下面是通過轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)端口6033連接的，連接的是轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到后端真正的數(shù)據(jù)庫!

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@server_id"

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 1 |

+-------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "create database proxy_test"

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "show databases;"

+--------------------+

| Database?????????? |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| kevin????????????? |

| mysql????????????? |

| performance_schema |

| proxy_test???????? |

| sys??????????????? |

+--------------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'use proxy_test;create table t(id int);'

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'show tables from proxy_test;'

+----------------------+

| Tables_in_proxy_test |

+----------------------+

| t??????????????????? |

+----------------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'???????????

+--------------------+

| Database?????????? |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| kevin????????????? |

| mysql????????????? |

| performance_schema |

| proxy_test???????? |

| sys??????????????? |

+--------------------+

然后再刪除上面這個(gè)測試庫

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'drop database proxy_test;'

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'?????????

+--------------------+

| Database?????????? |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| kevin????????????? |

| mysql????????????? |

| performance_schema |

| sys??????????????? |

+--------------------+

讀寫分離：配置路由規(guī)則
ProxySQL的路由規(guī)則非常靈活，可以基于用戶、基于schema以及基于每個(gè)語句實(shí)現(xiàn)路由規(guī)則的定制。本案例作為一個(gè)入門配置，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)最簡單的語句級路由規(guī)則，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫分離。

必須注意:?這只是實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)際的路由規(guī)則絕不應(yīng)該僅根據(jù)所謂的讀、寫操作進(jìn)行分離，而是從各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中找出壓力大、執(zhí)行頻繁的語句單獨(dú)寫規(guī)則、做緩存等等。和查詢規(guī)則有關(guān)的表有兩個(gè):mysql_query_rules和mysql_query_rules_fast_routing，后者是前者的擴(kuò)展表，1.4.7之后才支持該快速路由表。本案例只介紹第一個(gè)表。插入兩個(gè)規(guī)則，目的是將select語句分離到hostgroup_id=20的讀組，但由于select語句中有一個(gè)特殊語句SELECT...FOR UPDATE它會申請寫鎖，所以應(yīng)該路由到hostgroup_id=10的寫組.

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1???????????????????????

............

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES (1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',10,1), (2,1,'^SELECT',20,1);

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.272 sec)

需要注意：?select?...?for?update規(guī)則的rule_id必須要小于普通的select規(guī)則的rule_id，因?yàn)镻roxySQL是根據(jù)rule_id的順序進(jìn)行規(guī)則匹配的。

????

再來測試下，讀操作是否路由給了hostgroup_id=20的讀組, 如下發(fā)現(xiàn)server_id為2和3的節(jié)點(diǎn) (即slave從節(jié)點(diǎn))在讀組內(nèi)

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select @@server_id'

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 3 |

+-------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select @@server_id'

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 3 |

+-------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select @@server_id'

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 2 |

+-------------+

讀操作已經(jīng)路由給讀組，再看看寫操作。這里以事務(wù)持久化進(jìn)行測試。

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'start transaction;select @@server_id;commit;select @@server_id;'

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 1 |

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 3 |

+-------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'start transaction;select @@server_id;commit;select @@server_id;'

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 1 |

+-------------+

| @@server_id |

+-------------+

|?????????? 2 |

顯然，一切都按照預(yù)期進(jìn)行。最后，如果想查看路由的信息，可查詢stats庫中的stats_mysql_query_digest表。

以下是該表的一個(gè)輸出格式示例(和本案例無關(guān))。

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1???????????????????????

............

MySQL [(none)]> SELECT hostgroup hg, sum_time, count_star, digest_text FROM stats_mysql_query_digest ORDER BY sum_time DESC;

+----+----------+------------+----------------------------------+

+----+----------+------------+----------------------------------+

| 10 | 283841?? | 1????????? | drop database proxy_test???????? |

| 10 | 161020?? | 1????????? | create table t(id?int)?????????? |

| 10 | 36002??? | 1????????? | create database proxy_test?????? |

| 20 | 2719???? | 5????????? |?select?@@server_id?????????????? |

| 10 | 1250???? | 3????????? |?select?@@server_id?????????????? |

| 10 | 1102???? | 2????????? | show databases?????????????????? |

| 10 | 789????? | 2????????? | start transaction??????????????? |

| 10 | 655????? | 1????????? | SELECT DATABASE()??????????????? |

| 10 | 629????? | 1????????? | show databases?????????????????? |

| 10 | 564????? | 1????????? | show tables from proxy_test????? |

| 10 | 286????? | 2????????? | commit?????????????????????????? |

| 10 | 0??????? | 8????????? |?select?@@version_comment limit ? |

| 10 | 0??????? | 5????????? |?select?@@version_comment limit ? |

+----+----------+------------+----------------------------------+

13 rows?in?set?(0.002 sec)

測試讀寫分離效果

由于讀寫操作都記錄在proxysql的stats_mysql_query_digest表內(nèi)。

為了測試讀寫分離的效果，可以先清空此表中之前的記錄 (即之前在實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫分配路由配置之前的記錄)

下面這個(gè)命令是專門清空stats_mysql_query_digest表的? (使用"delete from stats_mysql_query_digest"??清空不掉!)

MySQL [(none)]> SELECT 1 FROM stats_mysql_query_digest_reset LIMIT 1;

+---+

| 1 |

+---+

| 1 |

+---+

1 row?in?set?(0.002 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>?select?hostgroup,username,digest_text,count_star from stats_mysql_query_digest;?????????????

Empty?set?(0.001 sec)

在mysql-proxy代理層節(jié)點(diǎn)，通過proxysql進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)寫入，并查看

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select * from kevin.haha;'

+----+-----------+

|?id?| name????? |

+----+-----------+

|? 1 | congcong? |

|? 2 | huihui??? |

|? 3 | grace???? |

| 11 | huoqiu??? |

| 12 | chengxihu |

| 21 | zhongguo? |

+----+-----------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'delete from kevin.haha where id > 3;'

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'insert into kevin.haha values(21,"zhongguo"),(22,"xianggang"),(23,"taiwan");'

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'update kevin.haha set name="hangzhou" where id=22 ;'????????????????

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select * from kevin.haha;'??????????????????????????????????????????

+----+----------+

|?id?| name???? |

+----+----------+

|? 1 | congcong |

|? 2 | huihui?? |

|? 3 | grace??? |

| 21 | zhongguo |

| 22 | hangzhou |

| 23 | taiwan?? |

+----+----------+

在mysql-master主數(shù)據(jù)庫和mysql-slave1、mysql-slave2從數(shù)據(jù)上查看

[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456

.........

mysql>?select?* from kevin.haha;

+----+----------+

|?id?| name???? |

+----+----------+

|? 1 | congcong |

|? 2 | huihui?? |

|? 3 | grace??? |

| 21 | zhongguo |

| 22 | hangzhou |

| 23 | taiwan?? |

+----+----------+

6 rows?in?set?(0.00 sec)

發(fā)現(xiàn)在客戶端通過proxysql插件更新的數(shù)據(jù)，已經(jīng)寫到mysql-master主數(shù)據(jù)庫上，并同步到mysql-slave1和mysql-slave2兩個(gè)從數(shù)據(jù)庫上了！

最后在proxysql管理端查看讀寫分離

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032???????????

............

MySQL [(none)]>?select?hostgroup,username,digest_text,count_star from stats_mysql_query_digest;

+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------+------------+

+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------+------------+

| 10??????? | root???? | insert into kevin.haha values(?,?),(?,?),(?,?) | 1????????? |

| 10??????? | root???? | delete from kevin.haha where?id?> ???????????? | 1????????? |

| 10??????? | root???? | update kevin.haha?set?name=? where?id=???????? | 1????????? |

| 20??????? | root???? |?select?* from kevin.haha?????????????????????? | 2????????? |

| 10??????? | root???? |?select?@@version_comment limit ??????????????? | 5????????? |

+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------+------------+

5 rows?in?set?(0.001 sec)

從上述結(jié)果就可以看出proxysql實(shí)現(xiàn)的讀寫分離配置是成功的，讀請求是轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到group20的讀組內(nèi)，寫請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到group10的寫組內(nèi)!!

4.2 負(fù)載均衡測試? (加權(quán)輪詢)
如上已經(jīng)配置好一主(mysql-master，在hostgroup10寫組內(nèi))、兩從(mysql-slave1和mysql-slave2，在hostgroup20讀組內(nèi)) ，并且已經(jīng)在"mysql_query_rules"表中配置了路由規(guī)則，即寫操作轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到hostgroup10組，讀操作轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到hostgroup20組.

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MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from mysql_query_rules;???????????

+---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+----------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----+-------+---------+

2 rows?in?set?(0.000 sec)

由于hostgroup10寫組內(nèi)只要一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)(mysql-master節(jié)點(diǎn))，hostgroup20讀組內(nèi)有兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)(mysql-slave1、mysql-slave2)

所以這里只能測試讀節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載均衡

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

再實(shí)驗(yàn)下mysql -e跟多條語句，看看如何

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave1 |

+--------------+

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname"

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

| @@hostname???|

+--------------+

| mysql-slave2 |

+--------------+

由以上結(jié)果可能會猜想并可印證：

在一個(gè)client的一個(gè)鏈接周期內(nèi)，所有query路由到同一臺后端!

即在同一個(gè)client的鏈接周期內(nèi)，query路由不會轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到同組內(nèi)的不同后端節(jié)點(diǎn)機(jī)上，只能轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到同一臺后端節(jié)點(diǎn)機(jī)上!

但是這只是個(gè)假象!!!?? 是因?yàn)檎糜玫搅藄elect?@ 語句。

如官網(wǎng)所介紹:? sends a query that implicitly disables multiplexing. For example,?if?you run “SELECT @a” , ProxySQL will disable

multiplexing?for?that client and will always use the same backend connection

最后可以知道: proxysql的負(fù)載方式目前僅為加權(quán)輪詢一種（經(jīng)驗(yàn)證所確認(rèn)），并無其他機(jī)制!

===============================================================================

可以編寫一個(gè)負(fù)載均衡的shell測試腳本:

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# which mysql

/usr/bin/mysql

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# vim /opt/test_proxysql_lb.sh

#!/bin/bash

i=0

while(($i<200))

????????/usr/bin/mysql?-uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e?"select @@hostname;"?>>?/tmp/test_proxy_sql_lb.txt

????????let?"i++"

????????echo?"$i"

????????sleep?0.1

done

執(zhí)行測試腳本:

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# sh -x /opt/test_proxysql_lb.sh > /dev/null 2>&1

執(zhí)行后檢查結(jié)果

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# grep "mysql-slave1" /tmp/test_proxy_sql_lb.txt|wc -l

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# grep "mysql-slave2" /tmp/test_proxy_sql_lb.txt|wc -l

114

以上查詢結(jié)果符合預(yù)期

4.3 開啟ProxySQL的Web統(tǒng)計(jì)功能

首先打開web功能

[root@mysql-proxy ~]#? mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032?

............

MySQL [(none)]> update global_variables?set?variable_value='true'?where variable_name='admin-web_enabled';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> LOAD ADMIN VARIABLES TO RUNTIME;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> SAVE ADMIN VARIABLES TO DISK;

Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.070 sec)

然后查看端口和登錄web界面的用戶名和密碼，用戶名和密碼與stat賬戶一致：

MySQL [(none)]>?select?* from global_variables where variable_name LIKE?'admin-web%'?or variable_name LIKE?'admin-stats%';

+-----------------------------------+----------------+

| variable_name???????????????????? | variable_value |

+-----------------------------------+----------------+

| admin-stats_credentials?????????? | stats:stats??? |????????????????#賬戶密碼

| admin-stats_mysql_connections???? | 60???????????? |

| admin-stats_mysql_connection_pool | 60???????????? |

| admin-stats_mysql_query_cache???? | 60???????????? |

| admin-stats_system_cpu??????????? | 60???????????? |

| admin-stats_system_memory???????? | 60???????????? |

| admin-web_enabled???????????????? |?true???????????|

| admin-web_port??????????????????? | 6080?????????? |?????????????????????#端口

+-----------------------------------+----------------+

8 rows?in?set?(0.003 sec)

查看web端口是否正常打開

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# lsof -i:6080

COMMAND??? PID USER?? FD?? TYPE?? DEVICE SIZE/OFF?NODE NAME

proxysql 22324 root?? 27u? IPv4 23010645????? 0t0? TCP *:6080 (LISTEN)

訪問http://172.16.60.214:6080并使用stats:stats登錄即可查看一些統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

4.4? scheduler打印proxysql狀態(tài)到日志

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mkdir -p /opt/proxysql/log

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# vim /opt/proxysql/log/status.sh

#!/bin/bash

DATE=`date?"+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`

echo?"{\"dateTime\":\"$DATE\",\"status\":\"running\"}"?>>?/opt/proxysql/log/status_log

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# chmod 777 /opt/proxysql/log/status.sh

然后在proxysql插入一條scheduler (定義每分鐘打印一次，即60000毫秒)

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032

............

MySQL [(none)]> insert into scheduler(active,interval_ms,filename) values (1,60000,'/opt/proxysql/log/status.sh');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> LOAD SCHEDULER TO RUNTIME;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> SAVE SCHEDULER TO DISK;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.105 sec)

然后查看日志就可以看到proxysql 的運(yùn)行結(jié)果了：

[root@mysql-proxy ~]# tail -f /opt/proxysql/log/status_log

{"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:24:03","status":"running"}

{"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:25:03","status":"running"}

{"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:26:03","status":"running"}

{"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:27:03","status":"running"}

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總結(jié)

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的ProxySQL 配置详解及读写分离(+GTID)等功能说明 (完整篇)2的全部內(nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

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