分為以下部分：
1：接線并使用AT指令驗證連接
2：使用軟串口
3：搭建/配置/測試MQTT服務端
4：在Arduino實現MQTT的PUB客戶端
5：總結

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接線并使用AT指令驗證連接

需要各種線+10k電阻*1
ESP8266的3V3/VCC 接到 3.3V
ESP8266的EN 串聯一個10k電阻 接到3.3V
ESP8266的RX 接到 Arduino的RX0
ESP8266的TX 接到 Arduino的TX1
ESP8266的GND 接地

//驗證程序 const int tx = 1; const int rx = 0; void setup() {pinMode(rx,INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(tx,INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { }

將Serial Monitor調整為Both NL&CR，115200 baud
輸入AT，ESP8266藍色燈光閃爍，返回OK
輸入AT+GMR，返回版本等信息
如下：

至此，可以驗證連接成功。

一些其他常用的AT命令： AT+RST 重置wifi模塊 AT+CWLAP 掃AP AT+CWJAP=”SSID”,”PASSWORD” 連接到AP AT+CWJAP=””,”” 與所有訪問點斷開連接 AT+CIFSR 顯示獲得的IP和MAC AT+UART=9600,8,1,0,0 修改波特率等 AT+CWMODE= 設置工作模式，可有Station\AP\Station+AP三種

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使用軟串口

修改ESP8266的波特率為9600
假設將2，3分別作為RX，TX
則將ESP8266的RX與3（Arduino的TX）相連，反之亦如此
代碼：

#include <SoftwareSerial.h> SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);mySerial.begin(9600);mySerial.println("AT+GMR"); } void loop() {if(wifiSerial.available()) {Serial.write(wifiSerial.read());}if(Serial.available()){wifiSerial.write(Serial.read());} }

之后打開Serial Monitor即可看到AT+GMR的執行結果了，也可以使用AT指令查看其他信息。

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搭建/配置/測試MQTT服務端

服務器使用Ubuntu+mosquitto

apt-add-repository ppa:mosquitto-dev/mosquitto-ppa apt-get update apt-get install mosquitto cd /etc/mosquitto/conf.d touch myconfig.conf vim myconfig.conf echo allow_anonymous false >> myconfig.conf echo password_file /etc/mosquitto/pwfile.txt >> myconfig.conf echo port 1883 >> myconfig.conf mosquitto_passwd -c /etc/mosquitto/pwfile.txt [username] service mosquitto start

在云平臺調整服務器的安全組，放行出入1883端口的數據
使用python測試服務是否正常：

#sub.py import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):print("Connect result:" + str(rc))client.subscribe("test_topic") def on_message(client, userdata, msg):print(msg.topic+":" +str(msg.payload)) client = mqtt.Client("admin_sub") client.username_pw_set("[username]","[password]") client.on_connect = on_connect client.on_message = on_message print("Connectting…") client.connect("[IP]", 1883, 60) client.loop_forever() #pub.py import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):print("Connect result:" + str(rc)) def on_message(client, userdata, msg):print(msg.topic + " " + str(msg.payload)) client = mqtt.Client("admin_pub") client.on_connect = on_connect client.on_message = on_message client.connect('[IP]', 1883, 60) client.publish('test_topic', payload='test_pub_content', qos=0)

可以連接/通訊，如圖：

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在Arduino實現MQTT的PUB客戶端

網上能找到的資料都需要燒寫ESP8266，因為怕寫壞自己唯一的板子，所以實現了軟串口+TCP協議的MQTT客戶端，站在別人肩膀上先實現Pub功能。沒有做安全保護0.0。
最終實現效果及代碼：

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>SoftwareSerial wifiSerial(2, 3); bool on;void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);wifiSerial.begin(9600);while (!Serial);while (!wifiSerial);wifiSerial.println("AT+RST");on=false;while(!on){if(wifiSerial.find("OK")){Serial.println("ESP8266 Resetting");on = true;}}on = false;delay(5000); //Give enough time for ESP8266's reset connect_wifi();delay(1000);pub_msg(); }void loop() {if(wifiSerial.available())Serial.write(wifiSerial.read());if(Serial.available()){wifiSerial.write(Serial.read());} }void connect_wifi(){wifiSerial.println("AT+RST");while(!on){if(wifiSerial.find("ready")){delay(1000);on = true;}}clear_serial();on=false;wifiSerial.println("AT+CWMODE=1");wifiSerial.println("\"hausahan\",\"[password]\"");delay(3000);if(wifiSerial.find("OK")){Serial.println("WIFI Connected!");delay(1000);clear_serial();tcp_connect();} }void tcp_connect(){wifiSerial.println("AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"114.116.239.164\",1883");delay(1000);while(!on){on = true;if(wifiSerial.find("OK")){Serial.println("TCP Connected!");}}mqtt_connect(); }void mqtt_connect(){u8 mqttMessage[128]={0};u8 packetLen;u8 baseIndex = 0;u8 clientIdLen = strlen("arduino_pub");u8 UserNameLen = strlen("hausa");u8 passwordLen = strlen("[password]");packetLen = 16 + clientIdLen + UserNameLen + passwordLen;mqttMessage[0] = 16;mqttMessage[1] = packetLen - 2;mqttMessage[3] = 4; // Protocol Name Length LSB mqttMessage[4] = 77; // ASCII Code for M mqttMessage[5] = 81; // ASCII Code for Q mqttMessage[6] = 84; // ASCII Code for T mqttMessage[7] = 84; // ASCII Code for T mqttMessage[8] = 4; // MQTT Protocol version = 4 mqttMessage[9] = 130; // conn flags mqttMessage[10] = 0; // Keep-alive Time Length MSB mqttMessage[11] = 60; // Keep-alive Time Length LSB mqttMessage[12] = (0xff00 & clientIdLen)>>8;// Client ID length MSBmqttMessage[13] = 0xff & clientIdLen; for(u8 i = 0; i < clientIdLen; i++){mqttMessage[14 + i] = *((u8*)"arduino_pub" + i); }baseIndex = 14 + clientIdLen;mqttMessage[baseIndex++] = (0xff00 & UserNameLen)>>8; //username length MSB mqttMessage[baseIndex++] = 0xff & UserNameLen; //username length LSB for(u8 i = 0; i < UserNameLen ; i++){mqttMessage[baseIndex + i] = *((u8*)"hausa" + i); }baseIndex = 14 + clientIdLen + UserNameLen;mqttMessage[baseIndex++] = (0xff00 & UserNameLen)>>8; //password length MSB mqttMessage[baseIndex++] = 0xff & UserNameLen; //password length LSB for(u8 i = 0; i < UserNameLen ; i++){mqttMessage[baseIndex + i] = *((u8*)"[password]" + i); }send_tcp_package(mqttMessage, packetLen); }void pub_msg(){u8 mqttMessage[100]={0};u16 i,index=0; u16 topicLen = strlen("test_topic"); u16 messageLen = strlen("arduino_say_hi"); mqttMessage[index++] = 48;mqttMessage[index++] = 2 + topicLen + messageLen;mqttMessage[index++] = (0xff00 & topicLen)>>8;mqttMessage[index++] = 0xff & topicLen;for(i = 0; i < topicLen; i++){mqttMessage[index + i] = *((u8 *)"test_topic" + i);}index += topicLen;for(i = 0; i < messageLen; i++){mqttMessage[index + i] = *((u8*)"arduino_say_hi" + i);}send_tcp_package(mqttMessage, 4 + topicLen + messageLen);}void send_tcp_package(u8 *data,u16 len){clear_serial();wifiSerial.print("AT+CIPSEND=");wifiSerial.println(len);delay(500);if(wifiSerial.find(">")){for(u16 i=0; i<len; i++)wifiSerial.write(data[i]);wifiSerial.println();delay(500);} }void clear_serial(){while(wifiSerial.read()>= 0);while(Serial.read()>= 0); }

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總結

還是有很多讓人疑惑的問題的，比如：
ESP8266很多指令執行后必須等幾秒才能進行下一步操作。
也有收獲：
每次編程后使用AT+RST進行重置并在燒寫完成后復位Arduino能解決很多奇怪的問題。
更理解通信協議、協議棧、wireshark的使用、、、等知識了
下一步：
考慮多買幾塊8266，學習直接使用8266的方法，因為看起來好像很方便，并實現一個遠程控制LED的Deeeeeemo。再然后怎么不做一套智能家居？😛
😃

參考文章
https://blog.csdn.net/Fredric_2014/article/details/89602457
https://blog.csdn.net/anxianfeng55555/article/details/80908795
也歡迎各位來窩的小窩看窩:www.hausahan.cn/iot/

總結

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