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HelloWorld实例（springmvc版）

發布時間：2024/4/14 c/c++ 27 豆豆

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本文將對應用springmvc實現HelloWorld打印，其步驟如下：

1、加入相關jar包，在maven項目里就是在pom.xml文件中引入相關實際依賴

2、在web.xml文件中配置DispatcherServlet

3、加入springmvc配置文件

4、編寫處理請求的請求處理器，并標識為處理器

5、編寫視圖

下面通過代碼具體實現：

1、配置pom.xml文件，相當于加入jar包

?1?<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>?2?<project?xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"?xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"?3?????xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0?http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">?4??5?????<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>?6??7?????<groupId>com.wn.third-ssmm</groupId>?8?????<artifactId>third-ssmm</artifactId>?9?????<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>10?????<packaging>war</packaging>11?12?????<properties>13?????????<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>14?????????<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>15?????????<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>16?????????<java.version>1.8</java.version>17?????</properties>18?19?????20?????<dependencies>21?????????22?????????<dependency>23?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>24?????????????<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>25?????????????<version>${spring.version}</version>26?????????</dependency>27?????????<dependency>28?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>29?????????????<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>30?????????????<version>${spring.version}</version>31?????????</dependency>32?????????<dependency>33?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>34?????????????<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>35?????????????<version>${spring.version}</version>36?????????</dependency>37?????????<dependency>38?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>39?????????????<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>40?????????????<version>${spring.version}</version>41?????????</dependency>42?????????<dependency>43?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>44?????????????<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>45?????????????<version>${spring.version}</version>46?????????</dependency>47?????????<dependency>48?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>49?????????????<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>50?????????????<version>${spring.version}</version>51?????????</dependency>52?????????53?????????54?????????<dependency>55?????????????<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>56?????????????<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>57?????????????<version>1.16.8</version>58?????????????<scope>provided</scope>59?????????</dependency>60?????</dependencies>61?62?????<build>63?????????<plugins>64?????????????<plugin>65?????????????????<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>66?????????????????<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>67?????????????????<configuration>68?????????????????????<source>1.8</source>69?????????????????????<target>1.8</target>70?????????????????????<encoding>utf-8</encoding>71?????????????????</configuration>72?????????????</plugin>73?????????</plugins>74?????</build>75?</project>

2、在web.xml文件中配置DispatcherServlet

? ? DispatcherServlet的作用：如果在某個方法上配置了@RequestMapping("/helloworld")，?當瀏覽器訪問helloworld時，DispatcherServlet會將這個請求發送給 ? ? ?@RequestMapping("/helloworld")所在的方法上，執行這個方法?。

?1?<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>?2?<web-app?version="2.5"?xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"?3?????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"?4?????xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee?http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">?5??????6??????9?????<servlet>10?????????<servlet-name>SpringDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>11?????????<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>12?????????13?????????<init-param>14?????????????<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>15?????????????<param-value>classpath*:springmvc.xml</param-value>16?????????</init-param>17?????18?????????<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>19?????</servlet>20?????<servlet-mapping>21?????????<servlet-name>SpringDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>22?????????<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>??23?????</servlet-mapping>24?????<welcome-file-list>25?????????<welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>26?????</welcome-file-list>27?</web-app>

3、配置springmvc.xml文件

?1?<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>?2?<beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"?3?????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"??4?????xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"?5?????xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"?6?????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans?7????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd?8????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context?9????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd10????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc? 11????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">12?????13?????<context:component-scan?base-package="com.atguigu.springmvc"/>14?????15?????<bean?class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">16?????????<property?name="prefix"?value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>17?????????<property?name="suffix"?value=".jsp"/>18?????</bean>19?</beans>

4、編寫處理請求的請求處理器，并標識為處理器

?1?package?com.atguigu.springmvc.handlers;?2??3?import?org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;?4?import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;?5??6?@Controller?//這樣標識后HelloWorld成為控制器，在springmvc叫做handler處理器或請求處理器?7?public?class?HelloWorld?{?8?????/**?9??????*?1、使用@RequestMapping注解來映射請求的URL10??????*?2、返回值會通過視圖解析器解析為實際的物理視圖:對于InternalResourceViewResolver視圖解析器，會做如下解析：11??????*????通過prefix+returnvel+后綴這樣的方式得到實際的物理視圖，然后轉發12??????*????/WEB-INF/views/success.jsp13??????*?@return14??????*/15?????@RequestMapping("/helloworld")16?????public?String?hello()?{17?????????System.out.println("HelloWorld");18?????????return?"success";19?????}20?}

5、編寫請求文件index.jsp

?1?<%@?page?language="java"?contentType="text/html;?charset=UTF-8"?2?????pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>?3?<!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.01?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">?4?<html>?5?<head>?6?<meta?http-equiv="Content-Type"?content="text/html;?charset=UTF-8">?7?<title>Insert?title?here</title>?8?</head>?9?<body>10?????11?????<a?href="/helloworld">HelloWorld</a>12?</body>13?</html>

6、在WEB-IFN下新建views文件夾，在views文件夾下新建最終頁面success.jsp,如下

運行結果：

注：1、并不一定嚴格按照上述創建各個文件的先后順序完善各個文件內容，各個文件交叉配置

? ? ? 2、在web.xml文件中，我們也可以不適用contextConfigLocation來配置springmvc配置文件的位置和名稱，可以使用默認的,

? ????默認的配置文件為：/WEB-IFN/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml?，即將springmvc.xml文件移至WEB-IFN文件夾下，并該名為

? ? ?SpringDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml。

? ? ? 3、有關spring mvc訪問靜態資源的問題

　　關于使用spring mvc處理靜態資源，比如html（發現之前的springmvc.xml中<property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp"></property>定義為jsp結尾就可以成功跳轉，但是如果改為html并在web-inf下面新建了html文件后，并將suffix這里的".jsp"改為".html"，無法跳轉到想要的html頁面，并且給出404錯誤，同時console給出錯誤信息為：No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/springTest/WEB-INF/views/result.html] in DispatcherServ）

? ? ?原因是：該 servlet 對應的 url-pattern 定義成 /，因此該 servlet 會匹配上諸如 /p_w_picpaths/a.jpg, /css/hello.css 等這些靜態資源，甚至包括 /jsp/stock/index.jsp 這些 jsp 也會匹配。但是并沒有定義相應的 Controller 來處理這些資源，因此這些請求通常是無法完成的。?

? ? ?所以，在web.xml中加入

?1?<servlet-mapping>?2??????<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>?3??????<url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>?4?</servlet-mapping>?5??6?<servlet-mapping>?7???????<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>?8???????<url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>?9?</servlet-mapping>10?11?<servlet-mapping>12?????<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>13??????<url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>14?</servlet-mapping>15?16?<servlet-mapping>17??????<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>18??????<url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>19?</servlet-mapping>20?21?<servlet-mapping>22???????<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>23???????<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>24?</servlet-mapping>

將springmvc.xml改為：

1?class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">2?????????????<property?name?=?"prefix"?value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>3?????????????<property?name?=?"suffix"?value?=?".jpg"></property>4?</bean>5

就可以訪問靜態資源.jpg格式的圖片了。

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/12822360/1915637

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