Applies?to:

Oracle?Server?-?Enterprise?Edition?-?Version:?8.1.7.4?to?11.2.0.2.0?-?Release:?8.1.7?to?11.2

Generic?UNIX

當檢查oracle實例后臺進程不存在這時啟動啟動數據庫報錯:

ORA-01081:?"cannot?start?already-running?ORACLE?-?shut?it?down?first"

造成此種原因是

Orphaned?shared?memory?segments?and?semaphores?did?not?get?cleared?properly

from?the?last?instance?shutdown.

在oracle實例最后一次shutdown時，某一個孤立的共享內存段和信號沒有被清理干凈

解決方法

可以利用ipcs來找出共享內存段或者信號，利用ipcrm來手動清除

orphaned?shared?memory?segments(孤立的共享內存段)?和semaphores(信號量)

[root@rac01?~]#?ipcs?-a

------?Shared?Memory?Segments?--------

key????????shmid??????owner??????perms??????bytes??????nattch?????status

0x4e44b264?557069?????oracle????640????????287309824??25

0xd06e774c?524302?????oracle????640????????132120576??16

------?Semaphore?Arrays?--------

key????????semid??????owner??????perms??????nsems

0x000000a7?0??????????root??????600????????1

0x2e7fd0cc?131073?????oracle????640????????44

0x334b5294?262146?????oracle????640????????154

[root@rac01?~]#?ipcs?-m

------?Shared?Memory?Segments?--------

key????????shmid??????owner??????perms??????bytes??????nattch?????status

0x4e44b264?557069?????oracle????640????????287309824??25

0xd06e774c?524302?????oracle????640????????132120576??16

ipcs：?檢查分配的共享內存

ipcrm：手動釋放共享內存段

取得ipc信息：

ipcs?[-m|-q|-s]

-m???????輸出有關共享內存(shared?memory)的信息

-q???????輸出有關信息隊列(message?queue)的信息

-s???????輸出有關“信號量”(semaphore)的信息

-a???????使用所有打印選項.?(針對?-b,?-c,?-o,?-p,?and?-t的速記符)

Example:

ipcrm?-m????shmid?號???-?for?shared?memory

ipcrm?-s????semid??號??????-?for?semaphores

OR

Shutdown?all?the?instances?belonging?to?the?user.?Next,?run?"ipcs?-b"?to?find?the?remaining?IPC

facilities,?owned?by?the?same?user,?and?remove?them.??However,?if?you're?running?multiple?production

instances,?this?may?not?be??acceptable.

在多實例的情況下

1.?運行

ipcs?-a?>?/tmp/ipcs_before.out

2.?用?SQL*Plus?連接所有實例做一個簡單的查詢

select?*?from?dual;

3.?再次運行

ipcs?-a?>?/tmp/ipcs_after.out

4.?對比?"/tmp/ipcs_before.out"?與?"/tmp/ipcs_after.out"??文件

查找?LPID?沒有改變的共享內存段

These?are?the?orphaned?shared?memory?segments?you?are?looking?for:

LPID?顯示最后過程中附加或者分立共享內存段的進程?ID

因為，通過在每一個活著的實例中執行查詢，你會涉及到屬于各自實例的共享內存段，

但是未涉及的共享內存段將變成孤立的一個

5.?After?identifying?the?orphaned?shared?memory?segments,?you?can?find

the?orphaned?semaphores?by?locating?the?semaphores?with?the?same

value?of?CTIME?in?"ipcs?-a"?output?as?the?value?of?CTIME?for?the

orphaned?shared?memory?segments:?CTIME?shows?the?time?when?the

associated?entry?was?created?or?changed.

在識別孤立的共享內存段后，可以通過ipcs?-a的輸出確定具有相同CTIME值的信號找到孤立的共享內存段

作為相關孤立共享內存段的值

NOTE:??This?step?may?not?be?necessary?on?the?platforms?implementing

post-wait?kernel?extension?(AT&T?Unix,?AIX),?when?semaphores

are?not?used?by?Oracle?at?all.

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