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2019-11-08 频域的直观感受

發(fā)布時間：2025/3/15 编程问答 27 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 2019-11-08 频域的直观感受小編覺得挺不錯的,現(xiàn)在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

什么是頻域

頻域是描述信號在頻率方面特性時用到的一種坐標(biāo)系。在電子學(xué)，控制系統(tǒng)工程和統(tǒng)計學(xué)中，頻域圖顯示了在一個頻率范圍內(nèi)每個給定頻帶內(nèi)的信號量。

為什么分析系統(tǒng)的頻率特性

對于實際系統(tǒng)，頻率特性是系統(tǒng)的另一種形式的固有性質(zhì)，我們往往采用頻率法通過對頻率特性的分析進(jìn)而確定系統(tǒng)的性能。

不夠直白？OK

舉個不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)睦踝?#xff1a;系統(tǒng)可以比作人，而系統(tǒng)的頻率特性可以比作人的反應(yīng)能力，通過對人的反應(yīng)能力的研究，可以確定其工作能力。

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接下來，用一個常見的慣性環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行說明。

一階慣性環(huán)節(jié)的頻率特性

一階慣性環(huán)節(jié)：
$110s+1\frac{1}{10s+1}$
Bode圖：

可以看出，頻率小于0.1rad/s的時候，幅值基本不會衰減，那我們將激勵信號的頻率分別設(shè)為0.001rad/s，0.1rad/s，1rad/s，10rad/s，來觀察一下跟蹤情況。（藍(lán)色為源信號，黃色為輸出信號）

激勵信號為0.001rad/s：
幾乎看不到差別，但是可以觀察到相位略有延遲，兩條曲線沒有重合

激勵信號為0.1rad/s：開始存在相位的延遲和幅值的減小，不過幅值還在0.5以上

激勵信號為1rad/s：相位和幅值已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重跟不上節(jié)奏了

激勵信號為10rad/s：反應(yīng)能力崩潰了

總結(jié)：
相對于低頻信號，慣性環(huán)節(jié)對于高頻信號跟蹤能力差，我們可以認(rèn)為容忍的極限在0.1rad/s的信號。一個信號經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)之后輸出的樣子，就與我們所說的頻域有關(guān)。

（注：不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牡胤酵刚?#xff0c;謝謝🐂）

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