Percona XtraBackup热备份实践
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Percona XtraBackup热备份实践
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實驗環境及操作步驟:
一、操作系統
| 1 2 3 4 5 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?cat?/etc/redhat-release? CentOS?release?6.8?(Final) [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?uname?-a Linux?DB-SERVER?2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64?#1?SMP?Tue?May?10?17:27:01?UTC?2016?x86_64?x86_64?x86_64?GNU/Linux [root@DB-SERVER?~]# |
二、MySQL和percona版本及安裝
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#?ll total?5 -rw-r--r--??1?root?root????5691656?Apr??5??2015?cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz -rw-r--r--??1?root?root???24596474?Apr??5??2015?mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz -rw-r--r--??1?root?root????5664452?Oct?17??2015?percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@DB-SERVER?tools]# |
①MySQL安裝
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?cd?/opt/tools/ [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#?tar?xf?cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz [root@DB-SERVER?cmake-2.8.8]#?./configure [root@DB-SERVER?cmake-2.8.8]#?gmake [root@DB-SERVER?cmake-2.8.8]#?gmake?install [root@DB-SERVER?cmake-2.8.8]#?cd?.. [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#?yum?install?ncurses-devel?-y [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#groupadd?mysql [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#useradd?mysql?-s?/sbin/nologin?-M?-g?mysql [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#tar?zxf?mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz? [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#cd?mysql-5.5.32 [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# cmake?.?-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.32?\ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data?\ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock?\ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8?\ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci?\ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii?\ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON?\ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1?\ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1?\ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1?\ -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1?\ -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1?\ -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1?\ -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled?\ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1?\ -DWITH_READLINE=1?\ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1?\ -DWITH_DEBUG=0 [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#make?&&?make?install [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#cd?.. [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#cp?mysql-5.5.32/support-files/my-small.cnf?/etc/my.cnf [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#echo?'export?PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/application/mysql/data/ [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#cd?/application/mysql/scripts/ [root@DB-SERVER?scripts]#./mysql_install_db?--basedir=/application/mysql?--datadir=/application/mysql/data/?--user=mysql [root@DB-SERVER?scripts]#cd?/opt/tools/mysql-5.5.32 [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#cp?support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#chmod?+x?/etc/init.d/mysqld [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#netstat?-lntup|grep?3306tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3306????????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????????LISTEN??????18591/mysqld???????[root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# |
MySQL配置文件為:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | [client] port????????????=?3306 socket??????????=?/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port????????????=?3306 socket??????????=?/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock datadir?????????=?/application/mysql-5.5.32/data basedir?????????=?/application/mysql-5.5.32 tmpdir?????????=?/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp skip-external-locking key_buffer_size?=?16K max_allowed_packet?=?1M table_open_cache?=?4 sort_buffer_size?=?64K read_buffer_size?=?256K read_rnd_buffer_size?=?256K net_buffer_length?=?2K thread_stack?=?128K innodb_log_file_size?=?256M?#沒有這個參數恢復后啟動會報錯，所以這里設置下innodb_log_file_size=256 server-id???????=?1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet?=?16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size?=?8M sort_buffer_size?=?8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout |
鑒于沒有設置innodb_log_file_size出現錯誤為:
InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 5242880 bytes
解決方法:
對于使用了默認 my.cnf（一般教程都會教你使用support-files/my-medium.cnf）的Mysql服務來說
如果中間使用了innodb的話，innodb默認的log file大小是56M
如果你的配置文件使用了類似my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf作為配置文件的話。
Mysql可以正常啟動，但innodb的表無法使用
在錯誤日志里你會看到如下輸出：
InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 5242880 bytes
現在需要做的事情就是把原來的 innodb 的ib_logfile×備份到一個目錄下，然后刪除掉原來的文件，重啟 mysql。
你會看到ib_logfile*大小變成了你配置文件中指定的大小。
my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf的話（log file 的大小是256M：innodb_log_file_size = 256M）
你會看到很多個268435456大小的文件。
所以我在MySQL的配置文件中使用了該參數，并設置為256M
修改root登陸了密碼:
| 1 2 | [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin?-u?root?password?'new-password' [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# |
②percona的安裝
| 1 2 3 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?cd?/opt/tools/ [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#?wget?https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.3.2/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm? [root@DB-SERVER?tools]# |
安裝依賴庫
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#yum?-y?install?perl?perl-devel?libaio?libaio-devel?perl-Time-HiRes?perl-DBD-MySQL [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#?wget?ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/dag/RPMS/libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm? [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#rpm?-ivh?libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#rpm?-ivh?percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#mkdir?-p?/databackup/xtrabackup [root@DB-SERVER?tools]#mkdir?-p?/databackup/xtrabackuplog [root@DB-SERVER?tools] |
③創建用于實踐的數據庫并插入數據
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 | CREATE?DATABASE?opark; CREATE?TABLE?`person`?( ??`number`?int(11)?DEFAULT?NULL, ??`name`?varchar(255)?DEFAULT?NULL, ??`birthday`?date?DEFAULT?NULL )?ENGINE=INNODB?DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8; INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0001",?"John?Poul",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0002",?"John?Hock",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0003",?"Rick?Hock",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0004",?"Rick?stone",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0005",?"John?Green",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0006",?"John?Halk",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0007",?"Rick?rose",?NOW()); INSERT?INTO?person?(number,name,birthday)?VALUES?("0008",?"Rick?kate",?NOW()); mysql>?show?databases; +--------------------+ |?Database???????????| +--------------------+ |?information_schema?| |?mysql??????????????| |?opark??????????????| |?performance_schema?| |?test???????????????| +--------------------+ 5?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?use?opark; Database?changed mysql>?select?*?from?person; +--------+------------+------------+ |?number?|?name???????|?birthday???| +--------+------------+------------+ |??????1?|?John?Poul??|?2016-09-18?| |??????2?|?John?Hock??|?2016-09-18?| |??????3?|?Rick?Hock??|?2016-09-18?| |??????4?|?Rick?stone?|?2016-09-18?| |??????5?|?John?Green?|?2016-09-18?| |??????6?|?John?Halk??|?2016-09-18?| |??????7?|?Rick?rose??|?2016-09-18?| |??????8?|?Rick?kate??|?2016-09-18?| +--------+------------+------------+ 8?rows?in?set?(0.01?sec) mysql>? ④創建備份用戶和授權 mysql>grant?SELECT,RELOAD,SHOW?DATABASES,SUPER,LOCK?TABLES,REPLICATION?CLIENT,SHOW?VIEW,EVENT,FILE?on?*.*?to?backup@'localhost'?identified?by?'MANAGER'; |
三、實戰備份操作
（1）全備與恢復
?①.全備操作
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?cd?/databackup/ [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?ll total?4 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?01:40?2016-09-18_01-40-28 [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#? [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?innobackupex?--user=backup?--password='MANAGER'?/databackup/ 160918?02:48:10?innobackupex:?Starting?the?backup?operation IMPORTANT:?Please?check?that?the?backup?run?completes?successfully. ???????????At?the?end?of?a?successful?backup?run?innobackupex ???????????prints?"completed?OK!". 160918?02:48:13?Backup?created?in?directory?'/databackup//2016-09-18_02-48-10' 160918?02:48:13?[00]?Writing?backup-my.cnf 160918?02:48:13?[00]????????...done 160918?02:48:13?[00]?Writing?xtrabackup_info 160918?02:48:13?[00]????????...done xtrabackup:?Transaction?log?of?lsn?(1609238)?to?(1609238)?was?copied. 160918?02:48:13?completed?OK! [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]# [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?ll total?8 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?01:40?2016-09-18_01-40-28 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?02:48?2016-09-18_02-48-10 [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]# |
②.全備恢復操作
對于一般恢復，都是直接用備份文件還原，如果我們這里也是直接運用該備份文件，則可能會導致一些意想不到的問題，比如:備份的數據中可能會包含尚未提交的事務或已經提交但尚未同步至數據文件中的事務。因此，此時數據文件處于不一致的狀態，我們現在就是要通過回滾未提交的事務及同步已經提交的事務至數據文件也使得數據文件處于一致性狀態。所以我們要用如下命令進行檢查
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?innobackupex?--apply-log?/databackup/2016-09-18_02-48-10/ InnoDB:?128?rollback?segment(s)?are?active. InnoDB:?Waiting?for?purge?to?start InnoDB:?5.6.24?started;?log?sequence?number?1609740 xtrabackup:?starting?shutdown?with?innodb_fast_shutdown?=?1 InnoDB:?FTS?optimize?thread?exiting. InnoDB:?Starting?shutdown... InnoDB:?Shutdown?completed;?log?sequence?number?1609750 160918?02:53:59?completed?OK! [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]# |
關閉數據庫，模擬數據丟失，可以將MySQL的數據目錄刪除，我們這里為了演示方便，直接把數據目錄改名
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?/etc/init.d/mysld?stop Shutting?down?MySQL.?SUCCESS!? [root@DB-SERVER?~]#?cd?/application/mysql-5.5.32/ [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?ll total?84 drwxr-xr-x??2?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?bin -rw-r--r--??1?mysql?mysql?17987?Jul??2??2013?COPYING drwx------??6?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?18?02:54?data drwxr-xr-x??6?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?18?01:40?data.backup drwxr-xr-x??2?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?docs drwxr-xr-x??3?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?include -rw-r--r--??1?mysql?mysql??7470?Jul??2??2013?INSTALL-BINARY drwxr-xr-x??3?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?lib drwxr-xr-x??4?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?man drwxr-xr-x?10?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?mysql-test -rw-r--r--??1?mysql?mysql??2496?Jul??2??2013?README drwxr-xr-x??2?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?scripts drwxr-xr-x?27?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?share drwxr-xr-x??4?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?sql-bench drwxr-xr-x??3?mysql?mysql??4096?Sep?17?23:36?support-files drwxr-xr-x??2?mysql?root???4096?Sep?18?02:54?tmp [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?mv?data?data.backup [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?mkdir?data [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?ll?data total?2 [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# |
目錄data下沒有數據，接下來執行恢復操作
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?innobackupex?--copy-back?/databackup/2016-09-18_02-48-10/ 160918?02:57:41?innobackupex:?Starting?the?copy-back?operation IMPORTANT:?Please?check?that?the?copy-back?run?completes?successfully. ???????????At?the?end?of?a?successful?copy-back?run?innobackupex ???????????prints?"completed?OK!". innobackupex?version?2.3.2?based?on?MySQL?server?5.6.24?Linux?(x86_64)?(revision?id:?306a2e0) 160918?02:57:41?[01]?Copying?ib_logfile0?to?/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/ib_logfile0 160918?02:57:41?[01]????????...done 160918?02:57:42?[01]?Copying?./opark/db.opt?to?/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/opark/db.opt 160918?02:57:42?[01]????????...done 160918?02:57:42?[01]?Copying?./test/db.opt?to?/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/test/db.opt 160918?02:57:42?[01]????????...done 160918?02:57:42?completed?OK! [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]# |
再看MySQL數據目錄，數據目錄data下數據已經過來了
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?ll?data total?116756 -rw-r-----?1?root?root?18874368?Sep?18?02:57?ibdata1 -rw-r-----?1?root?root?50331648?Sep?18?02:57?ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----?1?root?root?50331648?Sep?18?02:57?ib_logfile1 drwx------?2?root?root?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?mysql drwx------?2?root?root?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?opark drwx------?2?root?root?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?performance_schema drwx------?2?root?root?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?test -rw-r-----?1?root?root??????429?Sep?18?02:57?xtrabackup_info [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# |
啟動數據庫
| 1 2 | [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?/etc/init.d/mysld?start Starting?MySQL.?ERROR!?The?server?quit?without?updating?PID?file?(/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/DB-SERVER.pid). |
進一步查看錯誤日志:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | [root@DB-SERVER?data]#?cat?DB-SERVER.err? 160918?18:04:18?mysqld_safe?Starting?mysqld?daemon?with?databases?from?/application/mysql-5.5.32/data 160918?18:04:18?[Note]?Plugin?'FEDERATED'?is?disabled. /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld:?Can't?find?file:?'./mysql/plugin.frm'?(errno:?13) 160918?18:04:18?[ERROR]?Can't?open?the?mysql.plugin?table.?Please?run?mysql_upgrade?to?create?it. 160918?18:04:18?InnoDB:?The?InnoDB?memory?heap?is?disabled 160918?18:04:18?InnoDB:?Mutexes?and?rw_locks?use?GCC?atomic?builtins 160918?18:04:18?InnoDB:?Compressed?tables?use?zlib?1.2.3 160918?18:04:18?InnoDB:?Initializing?buffer?pool,?size?=?128.0M 160918?18:04:18?InnoDB:?Completed?initialization?of?buffer?pool 160918?18:04:18??InnoDB:?Operating?system?error?number?13?in?a?file?operation. InnoDB:?The?error?means?mysqld?does?not?have?the?access?rights?to InnoDB:?the?directory. InnoDB:?File?name?./ibdata1 InnoDB:?File?operation?call:?'open'. InnoDB:?Cannot?continue?operation. 160918?18:04:18?mysqld_safe?mysqld?from?pid?file?/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/DB-SERVER.pid?ended [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# |
出現這樣的錯誤一般就是data目錄下的數據用戶名和和屬組不是mysql，所以這里修改下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?data [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?ll?data total?116760 -rw-r-----?1?mysql?mysql?????1025?Sep?18?03:00?DB-SERVER.err -rw-r-----?1?mysql?mysql?18874368?Sep?18?02:57?ibdata1 -rw-r-----?1?mysql?mysql?50331648?Sep?18?02:57?ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----?1?mysql?mysql?50331648?Sep?18?02:57?ib_logfile1 drwx------?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?mysql drwx------?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?opark drwx------?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?performance_schema drwx------?2?mysql?mysql?????4096?Sep?18?02:57?test -rw-r-----?1?mysql?mysql??????429?Sep?18?02:57?xtrabackup_info [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]# |
再啟動運行/etc/init.d/mysqld start
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?/etc/init.d/mysld?start Starting?MySQL..?SUCCESS!? [root@DB-SERVER?mysql-5.5.32]#?mysql?-uroot?-proot?-hlocalhost Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g. Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?1 Server?version:?5.5.32?Source?distribution Copyright?(c)?2000,?2013,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved. Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective owners. Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement. mysql>?show?databases; +--------------------+ |?Database???????????| +--------------------+ |?information_schema?| |?mysql??????????????| |?opark??????????????| |?performance_schema?| |?test???????????????| +--------------------+ 5?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?use?opark; Database?changed mysql>?select?*?from?person; +--------+------------+------------+ |?number?|?name???????|?birthday???| +--------+------------+------------+ |??????1?|?John?Poul??|?2016-09-18?| |??????2?|?John?Hock??|?2016-09-18?| |??????3?|?Rick?Hock??|?2016-09-18?| |??????4?|?Rick?stone?|?2016-09-18?| |??????5?|?John?Green?|?2016-09-18?| |??????6?|?John?Halk??|?2016-09-18?| |??????7?|?Rick?rose??|?2016-09-18?| |??????8?|?Rick?kate??|?2016-09-18?| +--------+------------+------------+ 8?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql> |
說明:
innobackup的--copy-back選項用于執行恢復操作，它是通過復制所有數據相關文件至MySQL數據目錄，因此，需要清空數據目錄。我這里是將其重命名，然后再重建目錄。最主要最后一步是將其權限更改
（2）.增量備份
innobackupex --user=backup --password='MANAGER' --incremental /databackup/incrementdir --incremental-basedir=/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/
①.向數據庫中添加數據:
INSERT INTO person (number,name,birthday) VALUES ("0009", "Reh Hat", NOW());
INSERT INTO person (number,name,birthday) VALUES ("0010", "pyhton study", NOW());
INSERT INTO person (number,name,birthday) VALUES ("0008", "Linux system", NOW());
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | mysql>?select?*?from?person; +--------+--------------+------------+ |?number?|?name?????????|?birthday???| +--------+--------------+------------+ |??????1?|?John?Poul????|?2016-09-18?| |??????2?|?John?Hock????|?2016-09-18?| |??????3?|?Rick?Hock????|?2016-09-18?| |??????4?|?Rick?stone???|?2016-09-18?| |??????5?|?John?Green???|?2016-09-18?| |??????6?|?John?Halk????|?2016-09-18?| |??????7?|?Rick?rose????|?2016-09-18?| |??????8?|?Rick?kate????|?2016-09-18?| |??????9?|?Reh?Hat??????|?2016-09-18?| |?????10?|?pyhton?study?|?2016-09-18?| |??????8?|?Linux?system?|?2016-09-18?| +--------+--------------+------------+ 11?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) |
②.刪除數據
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 | mysql>?delete?from?opark.person?where?name="Reh?Hat"; Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.01?sec) mysql>?select?*?from?person; +--------+--------------+------------+ |?number?|?name?????????|?birthday???| +--------+--------------+------------+ |??????1?|?John?Poul????|?2016-09-18?| |??????2?|?John?Hock????|?2016-09-18?| |??????3?|?Rick?Hock????|?2016-09-18?| |??????4?|?Rick?stone???|?2016-09-18?| |??????5?|?John?Green???|?2016-09-18?| |??????6?|?John?Halk????|?2016-09-18?| |??????7?|?Rick?rose????|?2016-09-18?| |??????8?|?Rick?kate????|?2016-09-18?| |?????10?|?pyhton?study?|?2016-09-18?| |??????8?|?Linux?system?|?2016-09-18?| +--------+--------------+------------+ 10?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>? [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?innobackupex?--user=backup?--password='MANAGER'?--incremental?/databackup/incrementdir?--incremental-basedir=/databackup/2016-09-18_03-09-33 160918?03:23:25?Executing?UNLOCK?TABLES 160918?03:23:25?All?tables?unlocked 160918?03:23:25?Backup?created?in?directory?'/databackup/incrementdir/2016-09-18_03-23-22' 160918?03:23:25?[00]?Writing?backup-my.cnf 160918?03:23:25?[00]????????...done 160918?03:23:25?[00]?Writing?xtrabackup_info 160918?03:23:25?[00]????????...done xtrabackup:?Transaction?log?of?lsn?(1611092)?to?(1611092)?was?copied. 160918?03:23:25?completed?OK! [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]# [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?ll?incrementdir/ total?4 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?03:23?2016-09-18_03-23-22 [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?ll total?24 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?01:40?2016-09-18_01-40-28 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?02:53?2016-09-18_02-48-10 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?03:05?2016-09-18_03-05-15 drwx------?6?root?root?4096?Sep?18?03:09?2016-09-18_03-09-33 drwxr-xr-x?3?root?root?4096?Sep?18?03:23?incrementdir drwxr-xr-x?2?root?root?4096?Sep?18?03:16?xtrabackuplog [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]# |
其中，--incremental-basedir指的是完全備份所在的目錄，此命令執行結束后，innobackupex命令會在/data/backup目錄中創建一個新的以時間命名的目錄以存放所有的增量備份數據。另外，在執行過增量備份之后再一次進行增量備份時，其--incremental-basedir應該指向上一次的增量備份所在的目錄。
需要注意的是，增量備份僅能應用于InnoDB或XtraDB表，對于MyISAM表而言，執行增量備份時其實進行的是完全備份。
③.增量備份的恢復，如果需要恢復的話需要做如下操作
| 1 2 | [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/ [root@DB-SERVER?databackup]#?innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/?--incremental-dir=/databackup/incrementdir/2016-09-18_03-38-06/ |
如果存在多次增量備份的話，就需要多次執行.如
| 1 2 3 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?BACKUPDIR? [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?BACKUPDIR?--incremental-dir=INCREMENTDIR-1 [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?BACKUPDIR?--incremental-dir=INCREMENTDIR-2 |
BACKUP是全備目錄，INCREMENTDIR是增量備份目錄，上面是有2次增量備份，如果存在多次增量備份，則需要多次運行如上的命令
另外一種增量恢復方式為:分別將多次的增量備份依次合并到全量備份中，最后執行全量恢復，比如:
| 1 2 3 4 | [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?--incremental?/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/?--incremental-dir=/databackup/incrementdir/2016-09-18_03-55-12/ [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?--incremental?/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/?--incremental-dir=/databackup/incrementdir/2016-09-18_04-11-30/ [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?--incremental?/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/?--incremental-dir=/databackup/incrementdir/2016-09-18_04-17-11/ [root@DB-SERVER?~]#innobackupex?--apply-log?--redo-only?/databackup/2016-09-18_03-35-06/ |
其中:2016-09-18_03-35-06是全備，后面的2016-09-18_03-55-12、2016-09-18_04-11-30、2016-09-18_04-17-11為增量備份
（3）.Xtrabackup的備份壓縮
Xtrabackup對備份的數據文件支持“流”功能，即可以將備份的數據通過STDOUT傳輸給tar程序進行歸檔，而不是默認的直接保存至某備份目錄中。要使用此功能，僅需要使用--stream選項即可。如：
1
innobackupex --user=backup --password='MANAGER' --stream=tar ?/databackup/ | gzip > /databackup/`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz
? ? ? 本文轉自027ryan ?51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/ucode/1853422，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
總結
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