在C++中，標準庫本身已經(jīng)對左移運算符<<和右移運算符>>分別進行了重載，使其能夠用于不同數(shù)據(jù)的輸入輸出，但是輸入輸出的對象只能是 C++ 內(nèi)置的數(shù)據(jù)類型（例如 bool、int、double 等）和標準庫所包含的類類型（例如 string、complex、ofstream、ifstream 等）。

如果我們自己定義了一種新的數(shù)據(jù)類型，需要用輸入輸出運算符去處理，那么就必須對它們進行重載。本節(jié)以前面的 complex 類為例來演示輸入輸出運算符的重載。

其實 C++ 標準庫已經(jīng)提供了 complex 類，能夠很好地支持復數(shù)運算，但是這里我們又自己定義了一個 complex 類，這樣做僅僅是為了教學演示。

本節(jié)要達到的目標是讓復數(shù)的輸入輸出和 int、float 等基本類型一樣簡單。假設 num1、num2 是復數(shù)，那么輸出形式就是：

#include <iostream> using namespace std; class complex { public:complex();complex(double a);complex(double a, double b);friend complex operator+(const complex & A, const complex & B);friend complex operator-(const complex & A, const complex & B);friend complex operator*(const complex & A, const complex & B);friend complex operator/(const complex & A, const complex & B);friend istream &operator>>(istream & in ,complex & A);friend ostream &operator<<(ostream & out ,complex & A);void display()const; private:double real; //復數(shù)的實部double imag; //復數(shù)的虛部 }; complex::complex() {real = 0.0;imag = 0.0; } complex::complex(double a) {real = a;imag = 0.0; } complex::complex(double a, double b) {real = a;imag = b; } //打印復數(shù) void complex::display()const {cout<<real<<" + "<<imag<<" i "; } //重載加法操作符 complex operator+(const complex & A, const complex &B) {complex C;C.real = A.real + B.real;C.imag = A.imag + B.imag;return C; } //重載減法操作符 complex operator-(const complex & A, const complex &B) {complex C;C.real = A.real - B.real;C.imag = A.imag - B.imag;return C; } //重載乘法操作符 complex operator*(const complex & A, const complex &B) {complex C;C.real = A.real * B.real - A.imag * B.imag;C.imag = A.imag * B.real + A.real * B.imag;return C; } //重載除法操作符 complex operator/(const complex & A, const complex & B) {complex C;double square = B.real * B.real + B.imag * B.imag;C.real = (A.real * B.real + A.imag * B.imag)/square;C.imag = (A.imag * B.real - A.real * B.imag)/square;return C; }//重載輸入操作符 istream & operator>>(istream & in ,complex & A) {in >>A.real>>A.imag;return in ; }//重載輸出操作符 ostream & operator<<(ostream &out ,complex &A) {out <<A.real<<"+"<<A.imag<<" i ";return out ; }int main() {complex c1(3, 4);complex c2(1, 2);complex c3;c3 = c1 + c2;cout<<"c1 + c2 = "<<c3<<endl;//c3.display();//cout<<endl;c3 = c1 - c2;cout<<"c1 - c2 = "<<c3<<endl;//c3.display();//cout<<endl;c3 = c1 * c2;cout<<"c1 * c2 = "<<c3<<endl;//c3.display();//cout<<endl;c3 = c1 / c2;cout<<"c1 / c2 = "<<c3<<endl;//c3.display();//cout<<endl;return 0; } c1 + c2 = 4+6 i c1 - c2 = 2+2 i c1 * c2 = -5+10 i c1 / c2 = 2.2+-0.4 i

總結(jié)

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