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MySQL安装、基本账户安全（5.0以后版本）

發布時間：2025/4/5 数据库 23 豆豆

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博文目錄：

　　1.Mysql-5.0.40.tar.gz
　　　Mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
　　2.Mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz
　　3.Mysql-5.5.34.tar.gz

　　4.Mysql-5.6.36tar.gz

附：

　　1.賬號安全

-----------MySQL 5.0以后版本的安裝-----------

MySQL安裝

安裝包學習的必殺絕技——就是閱讀包的安裝說明（readme & install）文檔。

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# rm /etc/my.cnf ? ? ? ? ? ?(安裝前執行一下)

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1.Mysql-5.0.40.tar.gz

1.1.Source Installation Overview(lines 74 of install-source)

系統默認可能會安裝三個mysql的包：

mysql-libs

mysql

mysql-devel

從下往上依賴關系。

　　源碼包安裝mysql

檢查環境 Shell>?rpm?-aq?|?grep?mysql Shell>?rpm?-ql?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qf?/etc/my.conf Shell>?rpm?-qc?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qR?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qd?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qi?mysql Shell>?netstat?-nlt Shell>?find?/?-name?mysql Shell>?find?/?-name?my.conf Shell>?cat?/etc/passwd?|?grep?mysql Shell>?cat?/etc/group?| Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?gcc Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?make Shell>?ls?/home添加用戶 Shell>?groupadd?-r?mysql Shell>?useradd?-g?mysql?-M?-r?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql開始安裝 Shell>?vi?INSTALL-SOURCE Shell>?./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/mysql Shell>?echo?$? Shell>?make Shell>?echo?$? Shell>?make?install Shell>?echo?$?配置文件 Shell>?cp?support-files/my-medium.cnf?/etc/my.conf 目錄權限 Shell>?cd?/usr/local/mysql Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?. Shell>?chgrp?-R?mysql?. 初始化數據庫 Shell>?bin/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql 開機啟動 Shell>?cp?/support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld Shell>?chmod?755?/etc/init.d/mysqld 安全啟動服務/把數據庫的數據文件定義到其他磁盤設備上 Shell>?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql?--datadir=/dell/mysql_data

1.2.Typical ‘configure’ Options(lines 265 of ?install-source)

　　配置

Shell>?./configure?--help Shell>?./configure?-h僅僅編譯客戶端程序 Shell>?./configure?--without-server默認安裝的目錄/usr/local(數據目錄/usr/local/var)。可以改寫為： Shell>?./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/mysql Shell>?./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/?--localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data使用unix的套接字方式連接數據庫： Shell>?./configure?--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock有gcc，沒有c++庫，可以使用gcc來作為c++的編譯器： Shell>?CC=gcc?CXX=gcc?./configure Shell>?./configure?--with-charset=gb2312 Shell>?./configure?--with-charset=utf8 Shell>?./configure?--with-charset=latin1(這個是默認值) Shell>?./configure?--with-collation=latin1_swedish_ci(這個是排序方法的默認值) Shell>?./configure?--with-extra-charsets=(空格分開) Shell>?./configure?--with-extra-charsets=all重新編譯一個源碼樹時： Shell>?rm?config.cache Shell>?make?clean Shell>?make?dist

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

Mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz

安裝方法跟上邊的大同小異。

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

2.Mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz

2.1.Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux

系統默認可能會安裝三個mysql的包：
　　　　mysql-libs
　　　　mysql
　　　　mysql-devel
　　　　從下往上依賴關系。

　　二進制文件安裝mysql

檢查環境 Shell>?rpm?-aq?|?grep?mysql Shell>?rpm?-ql?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qf?/etc/my.conf Shell>?rpm?-qc?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qR?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qd?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qi?mysql Shell>?netstat?-nlt Shell>?find?/?-name?mysql Shell>?find?/?-name?my.conf Shell>?cat?/etc/passwd?|?grep?mysql Shell>?cat?/etc/group?| Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?gcc Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?make Shell>?ls?/home添加用戶 Shell>?groupadd?mysql Shell>?useradd?-r?-g?mysql?-M?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql開始安裝 Shell>?cd?/usr/local Shell>?tar?-zxvf?…… Shell>?cd?mysql Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?. Shell>?chgrp?-R?mysql?. 初始化數據庫 Shell>?scripts/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql Shell>?chown?-R?root?. Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?data配置操作 Shell>?cp?support-files/my-medium.cnf??/etc/my.cnf Shell>?cp?support-files/mysql.server??/etc/init.d/mysqld Shell>?chmod?755?/etc/init.d/mysqld 啟動服務 Shell>?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql?--datadir=/dell/mysql_data

2.2.Installing MySQL from Source

　　源碼包安裝mysql

檢查環境 Shell>?rpm?-aq?|?grep?mysql Shell>?rpm?-ql?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qf?/etc/my.conf Shell>?rpm?-qc?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qR?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qd?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qi?mysql Shell>?netstat?-nlt Shell>?find?/?-name?mysql Shell>?find?/?-name?my.conf Shell>?cat?/etc/passwd?|?grep?mysql Shell>?cat?/etc/group?| Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?gcc Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?make Shell>?ls?/home添加用戶 Shell>?groupadd?mysql Shell>?useradd?-r?-g?mysql?-M?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql配置、編譯 Shell>?ccmake?.(先進行交互式配置) Shell>?cmake?. Shell>?make Shell>?make?install Shell>?cd?/usr/local/mysql Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?. Shell>?chgrp?-R?mysql?. 初始化數據庫 Shell>?scripts/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql Shell>?chown?-R?root?. Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?data Shell>?cp?support-files/my-medium.cnf??/etc/my.cnf Shell>?cp?support-files/mysql.server??/etc/init.d/mysqld Shell>?chmod?755?/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 啟動服務 Shell>?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql?--datadir=/dell/mysql_data

2.3.To list the configuration options,use one of the following.

Shell>?cmake?.?-L#?overview Shell>?cmake?.?-LH#?overview?with?help?text Shell>?cmake?.?-LAH#?all?params?with?help?text Shell>?ccmake?.#?interactive?display Shell>?make?clean Shell>?rm?CMakeCache.txt

2.4.rpm

To?see?all?files?in?an?RPM?packet,run?a?command?like?this: Shell>?rpm?-qpl?MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm Shell>?rpm?-ivh?MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm Shell>?rpm?-ivh?MySQL-client-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpmStart?from?a?source?RPM,run: Shell>?rpmbuild?--rebuild?--clean?MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm

2.5.安裝Cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz

Shell>?vi?Readme.txt Shell>?./bootstrap Shell>?make Shell>?make?install

3.Mysql-5.5.34.tar.gz

3.1. Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries

　　二進制包安裝mysql

檢查當前環境配置 Shell>?rpm?-aq?|?grep?mysql Shell>?rpm?-ql?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qf?/etc/my.conf Shell>?rpm?-qc?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qR?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qd?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qi?mysql Shell>?netstat?-nlt Shell>?find?/?-name?mysql Shell>?find?/?-name?my.conf Shell>?cat?/etc/passwd?|?grep?mysql Shell>?cat?/etc/group?| Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?gcc Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?make添加用戶 Shell>?groupadd?mysql Shell>?useradd?-r?-g?mysql?-M?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql Shell>?cd?/usr/local 開始安裝 Shell>?tar?-zxvf?…… Shell>?cd?mysql 設定目錄權限 Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?. Shell>?chgrp?-R?mysql?. 初始化數據庫 Shell>?scripts/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql 設定庫文件目錄權限 Shell>?chown?-R?root?. Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?data 添加配置文件 Shell>?cp?support-files/my-medium.cnf?/etc/my.cnf Shell>?cp?support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld Shell>?chmod?755?/etc/init.d/mysqld 啟動服務 Shell>?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql?--datadir=/dell/mysql_data

3.2.Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution

　　源碼包安裝mysql

Shell>?rpm?-aq?|?grep?mysql Shell>?rpm?-ql?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qf?/etc/my.conf Shell>?rpm?-qc?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qR?mysql-libs Shell>?rpm?-qd?mysql Shell>?rpm?-qi?mysql Shell>?netstat?-nlt Shell>?find?/?-name?mysql Shell>?find?/?-name?my.conf Shell>?cat?/etc/passwd?|?grep?mysql Shell>?cat?/etc/group?| Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?gcc Shell>?rpm?-qa?|?grep?make Shell>?ls?/homeShell>?groupadd?mysql Shell>?useradd?-r?-g?mysql?-M?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysqlShell>?cd?mysql Shell>?ccmake?.(沒有這一步也過去了) Shell>?cmake?. Shell>?make Shell>?make?install Shell>?cd?/usr/local/mysql Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?. Shell>?chgrp?-R?mysql?. Shell>?scripts/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql Shell>?chown?-R?root?. Shell>?chown?-R?mysql?data Shell>?cp?support-files/my-medium.cnf?/etc/my.cnf Shell>?cp?support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld Shell>?chmod?755?/etc/init.d/mysqld Shell>?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql?--datadir=/dell/mysql_data

4.Mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz

　　二進制包安裝mysql

添加用戶 [root@tri?blog]#?groupadd?-g?51?mysql [root@tri?blog]#?useradd?-r?-u?51?-g?51?-d?/data02/blog/mysql_data?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql開始安裝 [root@tri?local]#?tar?-xf?/opt/data01/tars/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@tri?local]#?ln?-s?mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/?mysql [root@tri?local]#?cd?mysql [root@tri?mysql]#?chown?-R?mysql:mysql?. [root@tri?mysql]#?scripts/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql [root@tri?mysql]#?chown?-R?root?. [root@tri?mysql]#?chown?-R?mysql?data/ 標準啟動 [root@tri?mysql]#?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql 直接啟動 [root@tri?mysql]#?bin/mysqld_safe?--user=mysql?--bind-address=127.0.0.1?--port?3333解包后查看文件，編譯時配置“-prefix=” [root@tri?mysql]#?vi?docs/INFO_BIN CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql MYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/usr/local/mysql/data添加啟動時打開服務 [root@tri?mysql]#?cp?support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysql 打開上述文件（提示配置文件、主目錄、數據目錄） [root@tri?mysql]#?vi?/etc/init.d/mysql #?If?you?install?MySQL?on?some?other?places?than?/usr/local/mysql,?then?you #?have?to?do?one?of?the?following?things?for?this?script?to?work: # #?-?Run?this?script?from?within?the?MySQL?installation?directory #?-?Create?a?/etc/my.cnf?file?with?the?following?information: #???[mysqld] #???basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory> #?-?Add?the?above?to?any?other?configuration?file?(for?example?~/.my.ini) #???and?copy?my_print_defaults?to?/usr/bin #?-?Add?the?path?to?the?mysql-installation-directory?to?the?basedir?variable #???below. # #?If?you?want?to?affect?other?MySQL?variables,?you?should?make?your?changes #?in?the?/etc/my.cnf,?~/.my.cnf?or?other?MySQL?configuration?files.#?If?you?change?base?dir,?you?must?also?change?datadir.?These?may?get #?overwritten?by?settings?in?the?MySQL?configuration?files.basedir= datadir=

附：1.賬號安全

-----------MySQL 安裝完成后的帳號安全問題-----------
? ?問題描述

? ?剛安裝好的系統， root 默認密碼為空；默認空用戶（空密碼）也可以在本地登錄；
? ?查看系統中有那些賬戶：

無用戶名、密碼本地登錄 [work@tri?~]$?mysql 使用有用戶名的方式登錄 [work@tri?~]$?mysql?-u?root?-h?localhost mysql>?select?host,user,password?from?mysql.user; mysql>?select?host,user,password?from?mysql.user; +-----------+------+----------+ |?host??????|?user?|?password?| +-----------+------+----------+ |?localhost?|?root?|??????????| |?tri???????|?root?|??????????| |?127.0.0.1?|?root?|??????????| |?::1???????|?root?|??????????| |?localhost?|??????|??????????| |?tri???????|??????|??????????| +-----------+------+----------+ 6?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

? ?顯示結果，表示有多個 root 用戶；有兩個空用戶。沒有一個有密碼。
? ?這就需要為每一個用戶設定密碼；同樣需要為空用戶設定密碼，或者刪除。

? ?mysql.db 中的某些行，允許所有用戶（包括沒有密碼的空賬戶；anonymous）訪問測試數據庫或者其
? ?他以 “test_” 開頭的數據庫。(這個默認設置是為了測試的)

? ?-------
? ?修改 root 密碼

shell>?mysql?-u?root mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?FOR?'root'@'localhost'?=?PASSWORD('newpwd'); mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?FOR?'root'@'127.0.0.1'?=?PASSWORD('newpwd'); mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?FOR?'root'@'host_name'?=?PASSWORD('newpwd'); mysql>?select?host,user,password?from?mysql.user;

shell>?mysql?-u?root mysql>?UPDATE?mysql.user?SET?password?=?PASSWORD('newpwd)->?WHERE?user?=?'root'; (沒有這步，就得重啟后才能生效) mysql>?FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;????????shell>?mysqladmin?-u?root?password?"newpwd" shell>?mysqladmin?-u?root?-h?host_name?password?"newpwd" mysqladmin?無法對127.0.0.1起作用。 shell>?mysqladmin?-u?root?-p?shutdown

? ?-------
?

修改?anonymous?密碼 shell>?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?FOR?''@'localhost'?=?PASSWORD('newpwd'); mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?FOR?''@'host_name'?=?PASSWORD('newpwd');shell>?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?UPDATE?mysql.user?SET?password?=?PASSWORD('newpwd')->?WHERE?user?=?''; mysql>?FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;

? ?-------??

刪除?anonymous?用戶 shell>?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?DROP?USER?''@'localhost'; mysql>?DROP?USER?''@'host_name'; mysql>?select?host,user,password?from?mysql.user;

? ?-------
? ?拒絕任意用戶訪問測試數據庫

shell>?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?DELETE?FROM?mysql.db?WHERE?db?LIKE?'test%'; mysql>?FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;mysql>?DROP?DATABASE?test;????(*?再進一步，連測試庫都干掉)

-----------------------------
使用 RPM 包安裝數據庫

? ?RPM 包可以是官方提供的，也可以是其他作者提供的；可能有所不同（文件結構）。
? ?標準安裝，需要 MySQL-server & MySQL-client 。（其他的包在標準安裝中不需要）

? ?4109 行有關于各種包（名稱）代表含義的詳細說明。（包對 CPU 是有選擇的 4208 ）

? ?查看 RPM 包里的文件：

shell>?rpm?-qpl?MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

? ?-------
? ?* Red Hat Linux, Fedora, CentOS

root-shell>?yum?install?mysql?mysql-server?mysql-libs root-shell>?service?mysqld?start root-shell>?chkconfig?--levels?235?mysqld?on

?
? ?-------
? ?Debian,Ubuntu,Kubuntu

root-shell>?apt-get?install?mysql-client-5.1?mysql-server-5.1 root-shell>?service?mysql?start?|?stop

-----------------------------
優化從編譯個出色的mysqld開始

???使用最好的編譯器、和最佳的編譯選項；使用靜態模板編譯。這個很重要，性能能提升10-30%。直接在官網下載的二進制包，包含所有的字符集；自己編譯可以選擇需要的字符集。Here?is?a?list?of?some?measurements?that?we?have?made:*?If?you?link?dynamically?(without?-static),?the?result?is?13%slower?on?Linux.?Note?that?you?still?can?use?a?dynamicallylinked?MySQL?library?for?your?client?applications.?It?is?theserver?that?is?most?critical?for?performance.*?For?a?connection?from?a?client?to?a?server?running?on?the?samehost,?if?you?connect?using?TCP/IP?rather?than?a?Unix?socketfile,?performance?is?7.5%?slower.?(On?Unix,?if?you?connect?tothe?host?name?localhost,?MySQL?uses?a?socket?file?by?default.)*?For?TCP/IP?connections?from?a?client?to?a?server,?connectingto?a?remote?server?on?another?host?is?8%?to?11%?slower?thanconnecting?to?a?server?on?the?same?host,?even?for?connectionsfaster?than?100Mb/s?Ethernet.*?When?running?our?benchmark?tests?using?secure?connections?(alldata?encrypted?with?internal?SSL?support)?performance?was?55%?slower?than?with?unencrypted?connections.*?On?a?Sun?UltraSPARC-IIe,?a?server?compiled?with?Forte?5.0?is4%?faster?than?one?compiled?with?gcc?3.2.*?On?a?Sun?UltraSPARC-IIe,?a?server?compiled?with?Forte?5.0?is4%?faster?in?32-bit?mode?than?in?64-bit?mode.*?Compiling?on?Linux-x86?using?gcc?without?frame?pointers(-fomit-frame-pointer?or?-fomit-frame-pointer?-ffixed-ebp)makes?mysqld?1%?to?4%?faster.

這段保留一點原汁原味

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/sunnybay/1375274

總結

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