rsync缺點/不足：

1.rsync在同步數據時，需要掃描所有文件后進行比對，進行差量傳輸。如果文件數量達到了百萬甚至千萬量級，掃描所有文件將是非常耗時的，并且正在發生變化的往往是其中很少的一部分，這是非常低效的方式。

2.rsync不能實時的去監測、同步數據，雖然它可以通過linux守護進程的方式進行觸發同步，但是兩次觸發動作一定會有時間差，這樣就導致了服務端和客戶端數據可能出現不一致，無法在應用故障時完全的恢復數據。linux內核從2.6.13起，加入了inotify支持，通過inotify可以監控文件系統中添加、刪除、修改、移動等各種事件，利用這個內核接口，第三方軟件就可以監控文件系統下文件的各種變化情況，而inotify-tools正是實施監控的軟件。

在使用rsync首次全量同步后，結合inotify對源目錄進行實時監控，只有有文件變動或新文件產生，就會立刻同步到目標目錄下，非常高效使用！

inotify ：創建一個文件描述符，附加一個或多個監視器(一個監視器是一個路徑和一組事件)，然后用read方法從描述符獲取事件，read并不會用完整個周期，它是事件發生之前是被阻塞的。

文件描述符:linux內核為了更優秀的管理被打開的文件創建的索引，是一個非負整數。用于指代被打開的文件，所有執行io的操作 系統調用都是通過文件描述符。0表示標準輸入，1表示標準輸出，2表示標準錯誤輸出。

查看linux內核版本

需要看當前linux是否支持inotify[root@Rsync-139?~]#?uname?-a

Linux?Rsync-139?2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64?#1?SMP?Fri?Nov?22?03:15:09?UTC?2013?x86_64?x86_64?x86_64?GNU/Linux

[root@Rsync-139?~]#?ls?-lsart?/proc/sys

sys/???????????sysrq-trigger??sysvipc/

[root@Rsync-139?~]#?ls?-lsart?/proc/sys/fs/inotify/

總用量?0

0?dr-xr-xr-x?0?root?root?0?11月??5?15:31?..

0?dr-xr-xr-x?0?root?root?0?11月??6?16:12?.

0?-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?0?11月??6?16:12?max_user_watches

0?-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?0?11月??6?16:12?max_user_instances

0?-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?0?11月??6?16:12?max_queued_events

安裝[root@Rsync-139?~]#?tar?-zxvf?inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz?-C?/usr/local/src/

[root@Rsync-139?~]#?./configrue?--prefix=/usr/local/inotify

[root@Rsync-139?~]#?make?&&make?install

需要加環境變量vim?/etc/profile

最低行加:/usr/local/inotify/bin/

重新加載配置文件.?/etc/profile?或者

source?/etc/profile

查看幫助信息

inotifywait --help[root@WebA-136?script]#?inotifywait?--help

inotifywait?3.14

Wait?for?a?particular?event?on?a?file?or?set?of?files.

Usage:?inotifywait?[?options?]?file1?[?file2?]?[?file3?]?[?...?]

Options:可用選項

-h|--help???????Show?this?help?text.

@?????????Exclude?the?specified?file?from?being?watched.

--exclude?

Exclude?all?events?on?files?matching?the

extended?regular?expression?.

--excludei?

Like?--exclude?but?case?insensitive.

-m|--monitor????Keep?listening?for?events?forever.??Without

this?option,?inotifywait?will?exit?after?one

event?is?received.

-d|--daemon?????Same?as?--monitor,?except?run?in?the?background

logging?events?to?a?file?specified?by?--outfile.

Implies?--syslog.

-r|--recursive??Watch?directories?recursively.

--fromfile?

Read?files?to?watch?from??or?`-'?for?stdin.

-o|--outfile?

Print?events?to??rather?than?stdout.

-s|--syslog?????Send?errors?to?syslog?rather?than?stderr.

-q|--quiet??????Print?less?(only?print?events).

-qq?????????????Print?nothing?(not?even?events).

--format???Print?using?a?specified?printf-like?format

string;?read?the?man?page?for?more?details.

--timefmt??strftime-compatible?format?string?for?use?with

%T?in?--format?string.

-c|--csv????????Print?events?in?CSV?format.

-t|--timeout?

When?listening?for?a?single?event,?time?out?after

waiting?for?an?event?for??seconds.

If??is?0,?inotifywait?will?never?time?out.

-e|--event??[?-e|--event??...?]

Listen?for?specific?event(s).??If?omitted,?all?events?are

listened?for.

Exit?status:可以監控的事件

0??-??An?event?you?asked?to?watch?for?was?received.

1??-??An?event?you?did?not?ask?to?watch?for?was?received

(usually?delete_self?or?unmount),?or?some?error?occurred.

2??-??The?--timeout?option?was?given?and?no?events?occurred

in?the?specified?interval?of?time.

Events:

access??????????file?or?directory?contents?were?read

modify??????????file?or?directory?contents?were?written

attrib??????????file?or?directory?attributes?changed

close_write?????file?or?directory?closed,?after?being?opened?in

writeable?mode

close_nowrite???file?or?directory?closed,?after?being?opened?in

read-only?mode

close???????????file?or?directory?closed,?regardless?of?read/write?mode

open????????????file?or?directory?opened

moved_to????????file?or?directory?moved?to?watched?directory

moved_from??????file?or?directory?moved?from?watched?directory

move????????????file?or?directory?moved?to?or?from?watched?directory

create??????????file?or?directory?created?within?watched?directory

delete??????????file?or?directory?deleted?within?watched?directory

delete_self?????file?or?directory?was?deleted

unmount?????????file?system?containing?file?or?directory?unmounted

常用

-r 遞歸(目錄)

-m 永久監聽

-d 后臺運行

-q 靜默，只輸出較少的信息

編寫腳本進行實時備份vim?inotify.sh

inotifywait?-mrq?--timefmt?'%d%m%y?%H:%M'?--format?'%T?%w%f%e'?-e?close_write,modify,delete,create,attrib,move?/var/log/?|while?read?file

do

rsync?-az?--delete-before?/var/log/?rsync_WebA@192.168.146.139::WebA/?--password-file=/etc/WebA.pass

done

./inotify?&放入后臺執行即可

注：

rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at

main.c(1505)是因為在同步的時候，源目錄下有軟鏈接文件！

rsync同步軟鏈接文件，應該加參數-l

總結

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