目的：

??? 基于OpenCV 函數(shù) cv::morphologyEx 實現(xiàn)如下形態(tài)學變換:

• ??????? Opening（開運算）
• ??????? Closing（閉運算）
• ??????? Morphological Gradient（形態(tài)學梯度）
• ??????? Top Hat（頂帽變換）
• ??????? Black Hat（）

原理

Opening

• 操作步驟先腐蝕后膨脹

  dst=open(src,element)=dilate(erode(src,element))
• 用于移除小的objects (假設前提 objects 是 亮的　前景是黑的)

• 如下圖所示。圖中左側是原圖，右側是應用開運算后的結果. 可以看到字母角落處的小空間消失了.

  
  

Closing

• 操作步驟先膨脹后腐蝕.

  dst=close(src,element)=erode(dilate(src,element))

• 用來移除小的孔洞 (黑色的區(qū)域).

  
  

Morphological Gradient

• 結果為膨脹變換和腐蝕變換的差

  dst=morphgrad(src,element)=dilate(src,element)?erode(src,element)

• 用來找出對象的邊緣

  
  

Top Hat

• 結果為輸入圖像和開運算結果的差.

  dst=tophat(src,element)=src?open(src,element)
  

Black Hat

• ?結果為閉運算和輸入圖像的差
  

  dst=blackhat(src,element)=close(src,element)?src

代碼

/*** @file Morphology_2.cpp* @brief Advanced morphology Transformations sample code* @author OpenCV team*/#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp" #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp" #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"using namespace cv;/// Global variables Mat src, dst;int morph_elem = 0; int morph_size = 0; int morph_operator = 0; int const max_operator = 4; int const max_elem = 2; int const max_kernel_size = 21;const char* window_name = "Morphology Transformations Demo";/** Function Headers */ void Morphology_Operations( int, void* );/*** @function main*/ int main( int, char** argv ) {//![load]src = imread( argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an imageif( src.empty() ){ return -1; }//![load]//![window]namedWindow( window_name, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE ); // Create window//![window]//![create_trackbar1]/// Create Trackbar to select Morphology operationcreateTrackbar("Operator:\n 0: Opening - 1: Closing \n 2: Gradient - 3: Top Hat \n 4: Black Hat", window_name, &morph_operator, max_operator, Morphology_Operations );//![create_trackbar1]//![create_trackbar2]/// Create Trackbar to select kernel typecreateTrackbar( "Element:\n 0: Rect - 1: Cross - 2: Ellipse", window_name,&morph_elem, max_elem,Morphology_Operations );//![create_trackbar2]//![create_trackbar3]/// Create Trackbar to choose kernel sizecreateTrackbar( "Kernel size:\n 2n +1", window_name,&morph_size, max_kernel_size,Morphology_Operations );//![create_trackbar3]/// Default startMorphology_Operations( 0, 0 );waitKey(0);return 0; }//![morphology_operations] /*** @function Morphology_Operations*/ void Morphology_Operations( int, void* ) {// Since MORPH_X : 2,3,4,5 and 6//![operation]int operation = morph_operator + 2;//![operation]Mat element = getStructuringElement( morph_elem, Size( 2*morph_size + 1, 2*morph_size+1 ), Point( morph_size, morph_size ) );/// Apply the specified morphology operationmorphologyEx( src, dst, operation, element );imshow( window_name, dst ); } //![morphology_operations]

例子

總結

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