更新

在之前做項目的學習到要讓UI生成在我們制作成預制體之前的位置（一般情況下都是這樣）
需要把對象池里面的生成函數變成這樣

public GameObject GetObject(string name,Transform parentTransfrom,bool InWorldSpace){GameObject obj = null;if (poolDic.ContainsKey(name) && poolDic[name].Count > 0){Debug.Log("Find item" + name);obj = poolDic[name][0];//obj.transform.position = location;poolDic[name].RemoveAt(0);}else{obj = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>(name), parentTransfrom, InWorldSpace);//Debug.Log(name);}obj.SetActive(true);return obj;}

生成函數改成這樣

GameObject curPanel = PoolManager.GetInstance().GetObject(GetPanelString(panelType), CanvasTransform.position, false);

其他不需要做任何修改

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目的

這只是針對大家做一些小游戲的時候可能用到的UI框架，主要目的在于：

不需要在Scene面板提前創建好UI，界面看起來更整潔

對象池保證UI重復利用，減少反復生成銷毀的內存開銷

棧管理UI，將UI分為兩類：棧頂UI、其他UI;可分別對其處理。比如實現棧頂UI可交互，其他UI不交互，這里UI指代的是面板。

設計

UI的獲取和放回使用對象池實現，

實現

對象池

用于得到不同面板的預制體，遇事不決對象池

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; /// <summary> /// 對象池管理器，可以調用其中的函數獲取對象 /// list存儲游戲物體，Dictionary制作抽屜 /// </summary> public class PoolManager : BaseManager<PoolManager> {public Dictionary<string, List<GameObject>> poolDic = new Dictionary<string, List<GameObject>>();/// <summary>/// 從池子里面取得物品/// </summary>/// <param name="name"></param>/// <returns></returns>public GameObject GetObject(string name, Vector3 location) {GameObject obj = null;if(poolDic.ContainsKey(name) && poolDic[name].Count > 0){//Debug.Log("Find item" + name);obj = poolDic[name][0];obj.transform.position = location;poolDic[name].RemoveAt(0);}else{obj = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>(name), location, Quaternion.identity);//Debug.Log(name);}obj.SetActive(true);return obj;}public void PushObj(string name, GameObject obj){obj.SetActive(false);//已經擁有抽屜if(poolDic.ContainsKey(name)){poolDic[name].Add(obj);}//里面沒有抽屜else{poolDic.Add(name, new List<GameObject>() { obj });}}/// <summary>/// 場景切換時調用/// </summary>public void Clear(){poolDic.Clear();} }

單例基類

繼承的類就能開單例

public class BaseManager<T> where T : new() {private static T instance;public static T GetInstance(){if (instance == null){instance = new T();return instance;}else{return instance;}} }

BasePanel

BasePanel，作為不同類型Panel的抽象基類，提供三個方法接口，繼承Mono，其子類可以直接掛載在物體上。作用如注釋。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic;public abstract class BasePanel:MonoBehaviour {/// <summary>/// 開啟面板的時候調用/// </summary>public abstract void OnEnter();/// <summary>/// 當前面板在棧中而不是在棧頂的時候調用/// </summary>public abstract void OnPause();/// <summary>/// 當前面板再次處于棧頂的時候調用/// </summary>public abstract void OnResume();/// <summary>/// 關閉當前面板的時候調用/// </summary>public abstract void OnExit(); }

UIManager

管理所有的UI，提供生成UI和關閉UI的接口，制定調用BasePanel的三個函數的邏輯。

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; /// <summary> /// 管理所有UI，由于項目并不是很大，所以現階段沒有使用json存儲所有的UI類型,UI的存取通過對象池來獲得 /// 在場景切換的時候需要把數據結構清空 /// </summary> public class UIManager : BaseManager<UIManager> {/// <summary>/// 管理當前場景的UI的棧/// </summary>private Stack<BasePanel> panelStack;/// <summary>/// 管理狀態（面板）的字典/// </summary>private Dictionary<PanelType, BasePanel> panelDict;private Transform canvasTransform;/// <summary>/// 返回面板類型對應字符串，便于對象池生成 /// </summary>/// <param name="newPanel"></param>private string GetPanelString(PanelType type){switch (type){case PanelType.StartPanel:return "StartPanel";case PanelType.TestPanel:return "TestPanel";case PanelType.TestPanel2:return "TestPanel2";default:Debug.Log($"不存在{type.ToString()}面板");break;}return "\0";}private Transform CanvasTransform {get {if(canvasTransform == null){canvasTransform = GameObject.Find("Canvas").transform;}return canvasTransform;}}public GameObject currentPanel;public UIManager(){panelStack = new Stack<BasePanel>();}private BasePanel GetUI(PanelType panelType){if(panelDict == null){panelDict = new Dictionary<PanelType, BasePanel>();}BasePanel panel;if(!panelDict.TryGetValue(panelType, out panel)){GameObject curPanel = PoolManager.GetInstance().GetObject(GetPanelString(panelType), CanvasTransform.position);curPanel.transform.SetParent(CanvasTransform);panel = curPanel.GetComponent<BasePanel>();panelDict.Add(panelType, panel);}else{panel = panelDict[panelType];GameObject curPanel = PoolManager.GetInstance().GetObject(GetPanelString(panelType), CanvasTransform.position);}return panel;}/// <summary>/// 推入一個面板/// </summary>/// <param name="newPanel"></param>public void PushPanel(PanelType panelType){if(panelStack == null){panelStack = new Stack<BasePanel>();}if(panelStack.Count > 0){BasePanel topPanel = panelStack.Peek();topPanel.OnPause();}BasePanel panel = GetUI(panelType);panelStack.Push(panel);panel.OnEnter();}/// <summary>/// 彈出面板/// </summary>public void PopPanel(){if(panelStack == null){panelStack = new Stack<BasePanel>();}if(panelStack.Count<=0){return;}//退出棧頂面板BasePanel topPanel = panelStack.Pop();topPanel.OnExit();//恢復上一個面板if (panelStack.Count > 0){BasePanel panel = panelStack.Peek();panel.OnResume();}} }

舉個

實現一個負責開啟兩個面板的主面板
testButton1可以用find也可以直接拖拽賦值

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.UI; public class StartPanel : BasePanel {public Button testButton1;public Button testButton2;private CanvasGroup m_CanvasGroup;private void Start(){testButton1.onClick.AddListener(test1ButtonEvent);testButton2.onClick.AddListener(test2ButtonEvent);m_CanvasGroup = gameObject.GetComponent<CanvasGroup>();}public override void OnEnter(){Debug.Log("進入開始面板");}private void test1ButtonEvent(){UIManager.GetInstance().PushPanel(PanelType.TestPanel);}private void test2ButtonEvent(){UIManager.GetInstance().PushPanel(PanelType.TestPanel2);}public override void OnExit(){}public override void OnPause(){Debug.Log("開始界面被覆蓋");m_CanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;}public override void OnResume(){m_CanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = true;} }

GameManager

這里只負責一開始生成開始面板，掛載到主相機上面

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour {// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){UIManager.GetInstance().PushPanel(PanelType.StartPanel);}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){} }

運行結果如下

TestPanel1/ TestPanel2

測試面板，只能開啟其中一個，一個開啟后，StartPanel的按鈕將不會再生效，直到關閉

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.UI; public class TestPanel : BasePanel {public Button exitButton;private CanvasGroup m_CanvasGroup;private void Start(){exitButton.onClick.AddListener(exitButtonAction);}public override void OnEnter(){Debug.Log("打開測試界面1");}public override void OnExit(){Debug.Log("測試界面1退出");PoolManager.GetInstance().PushObj("TestPanel", this.gameObject);}public override void OnPause(){Debug.Log("測試界面1被覆蓋");m_CanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;}public override void OnResume(){Debug.Log("測試界面1恢復");m_CanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = true;}private void exitButtonAction(){UIManager.GetInstance().PopPanel();} } using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.UI; public class TestPanel2 : BasePanel {public Button exitButton;private CanvasGroup m_CanvasGroup;private void Start(){exitButton.onClick.AddListener(exitButtonAction);}public override void OnEnter(){Debug.Log("打開測試界面2");}public override void OnExit(){Debug.Log("測試界面2退出");PoolManager.GetInstance().PushObj("TestPanel2", this.gameObject);}public override void OnPause(){Debug.Log("測試界面2被覆蓋");m_CanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;}public override void OnResume(){Debug.Log("測試界面2恢復");m_CanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = true;}private void exitButtonAction(){UIManager.GetInstance().PopPanel();} }

分別掛載到兩個面板上


接下來測試
1. 按下測試按鈕一、testPanel1出現

2. 嘗試按下測試按鈕二、沒有反應
3. 關閉測試面板一后再次按下測試按鈕二，出現測試面板二，并且一失活進入對象池

4. 同理嘗試按下測試按鈕一、沒有反應
ヾ(?ﾟ▽ﾟ)ノ說明成功了
ps：這里生成的UI并沒有按照預制體之前的位置放在左右上角，根據更新所示的那樣就行了

總結

很多情況下，當一個UI出現時我們都需要把其他UI的交互關閉，否則經常會造成各種bug，所以管理UI還是非常重要的。

總結

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