JAVA开发需求分析套路_JAVA并发工具常用设计套路示例代码
了解JAVA并發(fā)工具常用設(shè)計套路
前言
在學(xué)習(xí)JAVA并發(fā)工具時,分析JUC下的源碼,發(fā)現(xiàn)有三個利器:狀態(tài)、隊列、CAS。
狀態(tài)
一般是state屬性,如AQS源碼中的狀態(tài),是整個工具的核心,一般操作的執(zhí)行都要看當(dāng)前狀態(tài)是什么,
由于狀態(tài)是多線程共享的,所以都是volatile修飾,保證線程直接內(nèi)存可見。
/**
* AbstractQueuedSynchronizer中的狀態(tài)
*/
private volatile int state;
/**
* Status field, taking on only the values:
* SIGNAL: The successor of this node is (or will soon be)
* blocked (via park), so the current node must
* unpark its successor when it releases or
* cancels. To avoid races, acquire methods must
* first indicate they need a signal,
* then retry the atomic acquire, and then,
* on failure, block.
* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified using CAS
* (or when possible, unconditional volatile writes).
*/
volatile int waitStatus;
隊列
隊列一般由鏈表實現(xiàn)(單向鏈表,雙向鏈表),在線程獲取不到想要的資源或者狀態(tài)時,將線程封裝成特定節(jié)點(diǎn),扔到等待隊列中,等待時機(jī)成熟,再從隊列中取出,是悲觀鎖思想。
如AQS中的Node節(jié)點(diǎn),代碼太長就不貼了。
CAS
CAS操作是樂觀鎖思想,是輕量級的并發(fā)處理。一般用于對上述狀態(tài)的修改,而且能保證有且只有一個線程能修改這個狀態(tài)。
一般由Unsafe類中的compareAndSwap之類的方法實現(xiàn)。使用CAS,往往伴隨自旋,如果修改狀態(tài)失敗,則不斷地重試,直到修改狀態(tài)成功。
以上就是java并發(fā)編程中的套路,抓住這個思路,想必能在學(xué)習(xí)中有所幫助。
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