前言

這是《C++游戲編程入門(mén) 第四版》的最后一個(gè)例子，還挺復(fù)雜的。要完成這個(gè)制作，先要弄明白Blackjack的游戲規(guī)則。

簡(jiǎn)化版Blackjack（21點(diǎn)）
規(guī)則：

游戲由2到6個(gè)人玩，使用除大小王之外的52張牌，游戲者的目標(biāo)是使手中的牌的點(diǎn)數(shù)之和不超過(guò)21點(diǎn)且盡量大。一個(gè)莊家Houser,多個(gè)玩家Player

2至10牌，按其原點(diǎn)數(shù)計(jì)算；

K、Q、J和10牌都算作10點(diǎn)（一般記作T，即ten之意）；

A 牌（ace）既可算作1點(diǎn)也可算作11點(diǎn)，由玩家自己決定（當(dāng)玩家停牌時(shí)，點(diǎn)數(shù)一律視為最大而盡量不爆，如A+9為20，A+4+8為13，A+3+A視為15）。

玩法：

開(kāi)局先發(fā)兩張牌，莊家一明（面朝上）一暗（面朝下），玩家兩張明牌。
接下來(lái)，每個(gè)玩家只要愿意，每次都有機(jī)會(huì)添加一張牌，超過(guò)21就Bust。
當(dāng)所有的玩家選擇好了后，莊家亮出暗牌。如果莊家的點(diǎn)總數(shù)低于17，則莊家必須添加新牌。如果超過(guò)21就Bust（不管玩家點(diǎn)數(shù)多少，玩家都贏了）。如果暗牌已經(jīng)大于等于17了，莊家直接勝利。
如果某個(gè)玩家點(diǎn)數(shù)比莊家點(diǎn)數(shù)大（小/等于），則$\dots$

類(lèi)的設(shè)計(jì)

$$Blackjack游戲$$

類(lèi)描述

Card	Blackjack的游戲牌
Hand	玩家和莊家所持的牌，Card對(duì)象的集合
GenericPlayer	一般的玩家，是具體玩家類(lèi)的過(guò)度，包含Player和Houser的共有元素
Player	玩家
Houser	莊家
Deck	牌堆，Hand的增強(qiáng)類(lèi)（具有Hand類(lèi)不具備的額外功能，如洗牌和發(fā)牌
Game	游戲外部接口，執(zhí)行游戲流程

為了讓事情變得簡(jiǎn)單再簡(jiǎn)單，幾乎所有成員函數(shù)都是公用的，所有數(shù)據(jù)成員都是受保護(hù)的。繼承只使用公有繼承。

$$Card類(lèi)$$

成員描述

rank m_rank	牌的大小。rank是表示13個(gè)等級(jí)的枚舉類(lèi)型
suit m_suit	牌的花色。suit是4種花色的枚舉類(lèi)型
bool m_faceUp	是否是明牌（牌面向上）。這個(gè)影響牌的點(diǎn)數(shù)和顯示
int Get()	返回牌的點(diǎn)值

$$Hand類(lèi)$$

成員描述

vector<Card*> m_cards	撲克牌的集合，存儲(chǔ)著若干Card對(duì)象指針
void Add(Card* pCard)	向所持的牌中添加一張。在向量m_cards添加一個(gè)Card指針
void Clear()	清空所以所持的牌。移除m_cards所有的指針，刪除堆里相關(guān)Card對(duì)象
int GetTotal()const	返回所持牌的點(diǎn)數(shù)總和

是Hand基類(lèi)的實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)，是Player、Houser的抽象類(lèi)。

$$GenericPlayer類(lèi)$$

成員描述

string m_name	玩家名
virtual bool AreHitting()const =0	指示玩家是否跟牌
bool AreBusted()const	指示玩家是否炸了
void Bust()const	玩家炸了后執(zhí)行的函數(shù)

$$Player類(lèi)$$

成員描述

bool AreHitting()const	指示玩家是否跟牌
void Win()const	玩家贏了后執(zhí)行的函數(shù)
void Lose()const	玩家輸了后執(zhí)行的函數(shù)
void Push()const	平局后執(zhí)行的函數(shù)

$$Houser類(lèi)$$

成員描述

bool AreHitting()const	指示莊家是否跟牌
void FlipFirstCard()	翻轉(zhuǎn)第一張牌，決定暗牌明牌

Deck類(lèi)就是發(fā)牌類(lèi)，對(duì)Hand類(lèi)進(jìn)行組合，與Player、Houser類(lèi)的基類(lèi)GenericPlayer互動(dòng)。

$$Deck類(lèi)$$

成員描述

void Populate()	生成包含52張牌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牌堆
void Shuffle()	洗牌
void Deal(Hand& aHand)	發(fā)牌
void AdditionalCards(GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer)	只要玩家跟牌，就向玩家額外發(fā)牌

游戲引擎類(lèi)，將其他類(lèi)抽象出來(lái)的接口使用起來(lái)。并且對(duì)客戶端提供簡(jiǎn)單的使用接口。

$$Game類(lèi)$$

成員描述

Deck m_deck	牌堆
Houser m_houser	莊家
vector m_players	許多的玩家
void Play()	進(jìn)行一輪游戲

非成員函數(shù)描述

vector Game_Interface()	將輸入玩家個(gè)數(shù)和名字的部分隱藏起來(lái)

游戲的實(shí)現(xiàn)

Card.h

#ifndef _CARD_H_ #define _CARD_H_#include<iostream> #include<string> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> #include<iomanip>//setw() using namespace std;//撲克牌 class Card { public:enum rank { ACE = 1, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE, TEN, JACK, QUEEN, KING };enum suit { CLUBS, DIAMONDS, HEARTS, SPADES };public:friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Card& aCard);Card(rank r = ACE, suit s = SPADES, bool faceUp = true);~Card() = default;int Get()const;void Flip();private:rank m_rank;suit m_suit;bool m_faceUp;};#endif

Card.cpp

#include "Card.h"ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Card& aCard) {const string THE_RANKS[] = { "0","A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K" };const string THE_SUITS[] = { "c","d","h","s" };if (aCard.m_faceUp)os << THE_RANKS[aCard.m_rank] << THE_SUITS[aCard.m_suit];elseos << "XX";return os;} Card::Card(rank r , suit s , bool faceUp ) : m_rank(r),m_suit(s),m_faceUp(faceUp){}int Card::Get()const {int val = 0;if (m_faceUp) {val = m_rank;if (val > 10)val = 10;}return val; } void Card::Flip() {m_faceUp = !m_faceUp; }

Hand.h

#ifndef _HAND_H_ #define _HAND_H_#include"Card.h"//撲克牌的集合 class Hand { public:Hand();virtual ~Hand();void Add(Card* pCard);//拿一張牌到手上void Clear();//丟掉手上所有牌int GetTotal()const;//返回牌的全部?jī)r(jià)值 protected:vector<Card*> m_cards; };#endif

Hand.cpp

#include "Hand.h"Hand::Hand() {m_cards.reserve(7); } Hand::~Hand() {Clear(); }void Hand::Add(Card* pCard) {m_cards.push_back(pCard); } void Hand::Clear() {//刪除堆內(nèi)所有內(nèi)存for (Card* it : m_cards) {delete it;it = NULL;}//清空容器內(nèi)的指針m_cards.clear(); }int Hand::GetTotal()const {//撲克牌為空 或者 牌面朝下if (m_cards.empty() || m_cards[0]->Get() == 0)return 0;int total = 0;//獲取全部牌值for (Card* it : m_cards) total += it->Get();//看看是否牌里有尖bool contains_ace = false;for (Card* it : m_cards) {if (it->Get() == Card::ACE)contains_ace = true;}if (contains_ace &&total <= 11)total += 10;return total; }

GenericPlayer.h

#ifndef _GENERIC_PLAYER_H_ #define _GENERIC_PLAYER_H_#include"Hand.h"//這個(gè)類(lèi)并不代表一個(gè)完整的玩家，只是表示玩家和機(jī)器玩家共有的元素 class GenericPlayer : public Hand {friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer); public:GenericPlayer(const string& name="");virtual ~GenericPlayer() = default;//寫(xiě)虛析構(gòu)是為了下面派生的類(lèi)的析構(gòu)能執(zhí)行到//indicates whether or not generic player wants to keep hittingvirtual bool AreHitting()const = 0;//returns whether generic player has busted - has a total greater than 21bool AreBusted()const; //是否要炸//announces that the generic player bustsvoid Bust()const; //炸了 protected:string m_name; };#endif

GenericPlayer.cpp

#include "GenericPlayer.h"ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer) {os << aGenericPlayer.m_name << ">>\t";if (!aGenericPlayer.m_cards.empty()) {for (Card* it : aGenericPlayer.m_cards) {os << *it << "\t";}if (aGenericPlayer.GetTotal() != 0)cout << "(" << aGenericPlayer.GetTotal() << ")";}elseos << setw(5)<<"\t<empty>";return os;}GenericPlayer::GenericPlayer(const string& name): m_name(name) {}bool GenericPlayer::AreBusted()const {return GetTotal() > 21; }void GenericPlayer::Bust()const {cout << m_name << " busts.\n==============================\n"; }

Player.h

#ifndef _PLAYER_H_ #define _PLAYER_H_#include"GenericPlayer.h"//人類(lèi)玩家類(lèi) 由GenericPlayer類(lèi)派生而來(lái) class Player : public GenericPlayer { public:Player(const string& name="");~Player() = default;bool AreHitting()const; //是否拿牌void Win()const; //贏了void Lose()const; //輸了void Push()const; //繼續(xù)游戲 };#endif

Player.cpp

#include "Player.h"Player::Player(const string& name ) : GenericPlayer(name){}bool Player::AreHitting()const {cout << m_name << ",do you want to hit? Y/N >>";char response;cin >> response;if (response == 'y' || response == 'Y')return true;cout << "---------------------------------------------------" << endl;return false;} void Player::Win()const {cout << m_name << " wins\n"; } void Player::Lose()const {cout << m_name << " loses\n"; } void Player::Push()const {cout << m_name << " pushes\n"; }

Houser.h

#ifndef _HOUSER_H_ #define _HOUSER_H_#include"GenericPlayer.h"//莊家 class Houser : public GenericPlayer { public:Houser(const string& name="Houser");~Houser() = default;bool AreHitting()const;void FlipFirstCard(); };#endif

Houser.cpp

#include "Houser.h"Houser::Houser(const string& name ): GenericPlayer(name){}//返回的點(diǎn)數(shù)小于17，表示莊家繼續(xù)跟牌 /* 如果莊家的暗牌已經(jīng)大于等于17了，則不管玩家多少，莊家直接贏。 */ bool Houser::AreHitting()const {return (GetTotal() < 17); }//翻開(kāi)第一張莊家的牌 void Houser::FlipFirstCard() {if (!m_cards.empty())m_cards[0]->Flip();elsecout << "no card to flip!\n";}

Deck.h

#ifndef _DECK_H_ #define _DECK_H_#include"Hand.h" #include"GenericPlayer.h"class Deck : public Hand { public:Deck();~Deck() = default;void Populate();void Shuffle();void Deal( Hand& aHand);void AdditionalCards(GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer);};#endif

Deck.cpp

#include "Deck.h"Deck::Deck() {m_cards.reserve(52);//turn the capacity to 52 Populate(); }void Deck::Populate() {Clear();//create a standard deckfor (int s = Card::CLUBS; s<= Card::SPADES; s++) {for (int r = Card::ACE; r <= Card::KING; r++) {Card* pNew = new Card(static_cast<Card::rank>(r),static_cast<Card::suit>(s));Add(pNew);//讓牌堆里保存一副52張的牌}}} void Deck::Shuffle() {//打亂元素的順序random_shuffle(m_cards.begin(), m_cards.end()); }void Deck::Deal( Hand& aHand) {if ( !m_cards.empty()) {aHand.Add(m_cards.back());//返回一張牌給玩家或莊家m_cards.pop_back();//彈出最后一個(gè)}elsecout << "out of cards. unable to deal"; }void Deck::AdditionalCards(GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer){cout << endl;//如果玩家或莊家沒(méi)有爆而且選擇拿牌,直到不想繼續(xù)拿牌或者已經(jīng)爆了while (aGenericPlayer.AreBusted() == false && aGenericPlayer.AreHitting() == true) {Deal(aGenericPlayer);//aGenericPlayer傳遞，拿張牌出來(lái)cout << aGenericPlayer << endl;if (aGenericPlayer.AreBusted())aGenericPlayer.Bust();}}

Game.h

#ifndef _GAME_H_ #define _GAME_H_#include"Card.h" #include"Hand.h" #include"GenericPlayer.h" #include"Player.h" #include"Houser.h" #include"Deck.h"//這個(gè)類(lèi)表示Blackjack這個(gè)游戲 class Game {Deck m_deck;Houser m_houser;vector<Player> m_players; public:Game() = default;Game(const vector<string>& names);Game(const Game& b) = default;Game operator=(const Game& b) = delete;~Game() = default;void Play();};vector<string> Game_Interface();#endif

Game.cpp

#include "Game.h"Game::Game(const vector<string>& names) {//seed the random number generatorsrand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(0)));//create a vector of players from a vector of namesfor (auto hao : names)m_players.emplace_back(Player(hao));}/* 這個(gè)運(yùn)行函數(shù)只游戲一遍*/void Game::Play() {/*------------------------------------------------------------------初始化和顯示-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/m_deck.Populate();//生成52張牌的容器m_deck.Shuffle();//打亂容器元素//deal initial 2 cards to everyonefor (int i : {0,1}) {for (Player it : m_players) //把玩家都放進(jìn)Deck，拿出兩張牌m_deck.Deal( it);m_deck.Deal(m_houser); //把莊家也放進(jìn)Deck，拿出兩張牌}//HIde houser's first cardm_houser.FlipFirstCard();//display everyone's handfor (Player it : m_players)cout << it << endl;cout << m_houser << endl;/*由于重載了GenericPlayer和Card類(lèi)的<<所以，可以對(duì)實(shí)例對(duì)象用<<直接輸出*//*---------------------------------------------------------------------------繼續(xù)加牌和判斷---------------------------------------------------------------------------------*///deal additional cards to playersfor (Player it : m_players)m_deck.AdditionalCards(it);//reveal houser's first cardm_houser.FlipFirstCard();cout << endl << m_houser;//把暗牌翻出來(lái)//deal additional cards to houserm_deck.AdditionalCards(m_houser);if (m_houser.AreBusted()) { //莊家輸了//everyone still playing winsfor (Player it : m_players) {if (it.AreBusted() == false) //某個(gè)玩家或某些玩家贏了it.Win();}}else {//莊家沒(méi)輸//compare each player still playing to houserfor (Player it : m_players) {if (it.AreBusted() == false) {if (it.GetTotal() > m_houser.GetTotal())//沒(méi)炸反而值還比莊家大it.Win();else if (it.GetTotal() < m_houser.GetTotal())//雖然沒(méi)炸，但是比莊家小it.Lose();else if (it.GetTotal() == m_houser.GetTotal())it.Push();//繼續(xù)游戲}}}/*---------------------------------------------------------------清空容器-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*///remove everyone's cardsfor (Player it : m_players)it.Clear();m_houser.Clear();m_deck.Clear();cout << "===================GAME END====================" << endl; }vector<string> Game_Interface() {cout << "===================Game Start====================" << endl;cout << "\t\tWelcome to Blackjack!\n\n";int numPlayers = 0;while (numPlayers < 1 || numPlayers>7) {cout << "How many players? (1~7) >>";cin >> numPlayers;}vector<string> names;string name;for (int i = 0; i < numPlayers; i++) {cout << "enter player name>>";cin >> name;names.push_back(name);}return names;}

main.cpp

#include"Game.h"void main(void) {vector<string> s = Game_Interface();Game* aGame = new Game(s);char again_flag = 'y';while (again_flag != 'n'&&again_flag != 'N') {aGame->Play();cout << "\nDo you want to play again?(Y/N)>>";cin >> again_flag;}system("pause");}

最后的顯示結(jié)果

括號(hào)前的幾個(gè)是牌，第一個(gè)數(shù)字是牌數(shù)，第二個(gè)是符號(hào)。括號(hào)里的是總的點(diǎn)數(shù)。
還剩下一個(gè)BUG，
一開(kāi)始應(yīng)該給每個(gè)玩家兩張牌，而我那段代碼并沒(méi)有被執(zhí)行$\dots$
反正能玩就是了。從沒(méi)想過(guò)，這么個(gè)小程序竟然也這么復(fù)雜。代碼量多而且類(lèi)之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系真是臥槽！

參考：《C++游戲編程入門(mén) 第四版》

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